Abstract
Reproductive diseases are common medical problems of birds including dystocia, oviductal and ovarian disease, testicular tumors, as well as hormonally linked behavioral disorders such as feather destruction, self-trauma, aggression, or masturbation. The hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis endogenously controls reproduction, although there are numerous exogenous factors (eg, presence of a mate, photoperiod, rainfall) that have a substantial influence on reproductive activity. Surgical intervention in female birds by means of salpingohysterectomy (oviduct removal) presents significant surgical and anesthetic risks due to the unique and highly vascular reproductive anatomy. This article presents current literature on the medical management of reproduction in birds.
Published Version
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