Abstract
Abstract The aim of the presented work was to assess the potential of Medicago polymorpha extract to synthesize silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) as a green method. It was a simple one-step synthesis approach and the product obtained was characterized by UV-visible spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), powder X-ray diffraction, thermogravimetric analysis, and field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM). At room temperature, the optimum time for the completion of the reaction (i.e. the formation colloidal solution) was just 5 min. FE-SEM images showed that AgNPs were predominantly in spheres, whereas FTIR spectrum analysis inferred that gallic acid present in the extract initially reduced silver ions to elemental silver. The carboxylic and hydroxyl groups of biomolecules present in the extract stabilized AgNPs by passivating the surface to prevent aggregation, resulting in uniform distribution. The antibacterial activity of synthesized AgNPs showed effective inhibitory effects against waterborne pathogens, including Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus), at a minimum inhibitory concentration of 10 μg/ml. Membrane permeability and respiration studies were also performed to assess the surface role of the synthesized AgNPs. The prepared AgNPs exhibited excellent antioxidant activity and catalytic reduction of methyl orange with a rate constant of 6.8×10−3 s−1.
Highlights
During the last two decades, researchers have started taking a considerable interest in the area of nanoparticle synthesis
These results indicated that AgNPs synthesized using M. polymorpha leaf produced crystalline nanoparticles
These results indicated that AgNPs synthesized using M. polymorpha leaf produced crystallite in nanosize
Summary
During the last two decades, researchers have started taking a considerable interest in the area of nanoparticle synthesis. Research on nanoscale metals is inevitable due to the variety of applications in diverse fields and to different synthetic approaches [2]. Biological methods have new, simple, and ecofriendly green chemical approaches toward the synthesis of metallic nanoparticles [4]. Green synthetic approaches toward metallic nanoparticles proved to be better than chemical and physical methods in respect that these are environment friendly, cost effective, and synthesized on a large scale and do not need high temperatures, pressure, or toxic chemicals [5, 6]. Salmonella typhi has exhibited resistance to a variety of drugs, including ampicillin, chloramphenicol, quinolones, and trimethoprim. Escherichia coli showed resistance to a variety of antibiotics such as kanamycin, ampicillin, sulfisoxazole, streptomycin, tetracycline, and ticarcillin; this situation is alarming and poses a major challenge for researchers. The use of AgNPs plays an important role to combat drug-resistant pathogenic microorganisms
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