Medıa as a Tool of Otherization on Syrian and Ukrainian Women: A Comparison in the Context of Precariat

The purpose of article is to find out the contribution of Chernihiv Branch of the “Ukrainian Women's Union” in the process of national and cultural revival of Chernihiv region at the end of the 20t h– beginning of the 21st centuries. In the field of view of the author – the study of the main forms of organization’s activity since its formation in 1990: the resumption of activity by Ukrainian Orthodox Church in Chernihiv, the revival of religious holidays and traditional rites, the return of name and heritage of Sophia Rusova to the national-cultural and educational space. Methodology. Historical, chronological, source-based and logical-restorative methods form the methodological basis for the study of Chernihiv Branch of the “Ukrainian Women'sUnion”. The scientific novelty of the research is conditioned by the fact of the first researches in the national cultural studies of the contribution by Chernihiv Branch of the “Ukrainian Women'sUnion” as the first Left-bank-Ukraine’s democratic women's organization to the development of the national cultural space of Chernihiv region.Conclusions. From the above, it can be stated that during 1990–2014 Chernihiv Branch of the “Ukrainian Women's Union” acted in the following directions: promoting the restoration of the Ukrainian Orthodox Church presence in the region, the revival of national customs and Christian holidays, honoring the figure of S.Rusova on her native land, the return of her creative heritage to the regional cultural space, organizational measures women's movement study and works in national-oriented pedagogy. It can be concluded that Chernihiv Branch of the “Ukrainian Women's Union” activity was in line with the purpose of activity of the All-Ukrainian “Ukrainian Women's Union”. There is no denying that the results of the 25 years of Chernihiv Branch of the “Ukrainian Women's Union” activity have affected the development of the Ukrainian humanitarian area of Chernihiv region. Thus, the popularization of S. Rusova’s name and works by Chernihiv Branch of the “Ukrainian Women's Union” in the region was made clear by the erection of a memorial sign and bust of a figure in Oleshnya and Ripki, and by her name being given to comprehensive schools by the mentioned settlements; was founded S. Rusova Chernihiv Regional Award and a Charitable Foundation of her name. Performances of the Chernihiv Branch of the “Ukrainian Women's Union”, which was the first in the city to reproduce the stage attributes of folk ceremonial activities of the calendar cycle, formed the basis for adequate perception of the creative work of the Philharmonic Ensemble of Songs and Dance “Siversky Kleynody” The activity of Chernihiv Branch of the “Ukrainian Women's Union” Ritual Vocal Group became a factor of activation of the city festival movement of amateur direction: the festival of Christmas Nativity Scenes, the festival “Koza”, regional Ivan-Kupala-Fest on the Blue Lakes and more.

The article is an attempt to define a very special role of women in society, inherent in only Ukrainian historical realities. In particular, a somewhat non-trivial approach to the formation of a source base for the study allowed referring to works of fiction. Most attention is paid to the issue of women entering society medium in the times of the Cossacks. Among the conclusions – contrary to national, gender and social oppression for several centuries – Ukrainian women have maintained their commitment to universal human and Christian ideals and virtues. The role and place that women take in the social structure is an extremely significant criterion for assessing the level of civilizing development of one or other society. It was the words “Equal among equals” that one could quite accurately define the positions of Ukrainian women in the glorious and tragic times of the national history – during the emergence and heyday of the Cossacks. It was a time when Ukrainian women, not only a gentry, but also a simple Cossack women, invariably felt not imaginary but sincere self-respect both in the family and in the society. However, not only in Cossack times, but throughout the turbulent history of our country, Ukrainian women did not just “walk alongside of” their men, they often stepped forward, and their actions were decisive for the further course of events for many years to come. Unfortunately, there are reasons to consider the current (as of 2019) stage of research in the format of scientific inquiry, which directly relates to Ukrainian women in the historical and cultural context, only as an initial one. With this in mind, the aim of the proposed work is to begin filling in quite substantial gaps in the civilizing history of Ukraine. It was they, Ukrainian women – even from renowned Princess Olha – who became the worthy examples to follow for their compatriots. There are countless names of women, by whom Ukraine is proud of and who are respected all over the world – from the poetess Lesia Ukrainka, folk paintress Yekateryna Bilokour, opera vocalist Solomiia Krushelnytska up to bright personalities already from the contemporary generation of Ukrainian women. They did never and under no circumstances bow to a slavish worldview. In this regard the observation of a well-known European writer, made by him as far back as in the last century, is very accurate: “The Ukrainian woman is the Spanish woman of the East ... At every opportunity, her irrepressible Cossack nature flares up in her soul that does not know any repressor ...”. And further: “They are always ready to change ploughshares for spears, they live in small republican communities, as equals among equals ...”. We discover all this for ourselves in the “Female Images from Galicia” by Leopold von Sacher-Masoch. Paul of Aleppo, known also as Paul Zaim, an Arab traveller, who visited Ukraine twice in the middle of the XVII century, testified: “... Throughout the Cossack land we saw a strange thing – they all are, with few exceptions, literate; even most of their women and daughters can read and know the procedure of church service ... Ukrainian women are well dressed, busy with their own affairs, and no one casts sassy glances at them.” Numerous documents have survived, indicating that the wives of the Cossack Starshyna not only knew writing and reading well but were also able, when the need arose, to help their husbands in solving the most important political problems. The material, which is no less important in its cognitive weight from documentary evidence, also provides imaginative literature, where the realities of bygone times are reflected through the author’s creative imagination. These are the dramatic poem “Boyaryna” by Lesia Ukrainka, and “Hanna Montovt”, the story written by a famous Ukrainian historian and writer Orest Levytskyi, as well as “Aeneid”, a burlesque and tranny poem written by Ivan Kotliarevskyi; the latter literary work can be considered as a kind of encyclopaedia of Olde Ukrainian life. In “Boyarina”, the comparison of the “civil society” (using the modern definition) of the Ukrainian Cossack State with the conditions prevailing in neighbouring Muscovy is especially striking. A young girl of Ukrainian noble descent, who left her motherland for the sake to be with her beloved man, met in a foreign land very different ideas about human truths, class-specific and inherent female virtues, which are significantly different from those truly Christian and deeply democratic principles of life that she was used to since childhood in her native Ukraine. And, becoming a Boyarina, although she obeyed fate, however, she was no longer able to get used to her new life. The fate of poor Princess Hannа from the story by Orest Levytskyi was formed in a different manner. However, not at all because of the imperfection of the then social system, but solely because of her own frivolity and inability to execise her (tremendous) rights. But in “Aeneid” by Ivan Kotliarevskyi, where antique plots were whimsically intertwined with the signs of Cossack life, the remark: “Like a lady of certain sotnyk ...” became virtually the highest mark for one of the goddesses. As the expression goes, it speaks for itself, and the irony about the mention of the sotnyk will be completely inappropriate, given the trace that Bohdan Khmelnytskyi, the former Chygyryn sotnyk and subsequently a Hetman of Ukraine, left in the history of Ukrainian nationality! In the times of Cossacks, men have the opportunity to spend more or less long time with their families too rarely. But they went to a military campaign with peace of mind because from this moment their faithful wives took active roles in all matters – and not only household, but the domesticities too. And, say, not the eldest of their sons, but she herself took part, when necessary, in resolving property or other disputes, defended the interests of their families before the society, and even in court. Moreover, their wives could often ride horses with arms in hands to defend their native homes. Unfortunately, then-Muscovy have introduced serfdom in its most despotic form on intaken Ukrainian lands, combined with her absolutist system of government and public relations which immediately changed the state of Ukrainian women for the worst. And this applied not only to the impoverished and enslaved people, but also to the wealthy and influential sections of the then population. And subsequently Taras Shevchenko became the most sincere voice of a deeply tragic female fate ... Conclusions. Even when then Ukrainians were slowly forgetting about the previous rights and privileges of their women, undeniable documentary and literary evidence remained the mention of them, which in one way or another were connected with the times of Cossacks. So, Ukrainian women of those, already far from us times was not only faithful wives, caring mothers and teachers for their children, real Bereginias of the families, but also a self-sufficient persons, conscious in their place in the society.

The suggested article analyzes genesis, typology and organizational principles of Ukrainian women's movement in Canada during the first and the second waves of immigration.It has been stated that Ukrainian women's movement absorbed experience of public and political activity of women of Eastern Galychyna at the end of 19th till the middle of 20th century, as among its activists there were many representatives of those who worked in women's organizations of the counry. Moreover, the need to protect their own rights, existence under the threat of assimilation ,the necessity of successful socio-economic integration in polyethnic Canadian society lead to the unity of Ukrainian women in Canada and further solution of their burning problems . The article emphasizes the process of creating Ukrainian women's organizations, their role in social ,political, cultural and educational activities of the Ukraininan community. It has been noted that the formation of the first Ukrainian women's organizations took place on the basis of political parties and powerful religious confessions.The main outcomes of the research are as follows. During the researched period Ukrainian women's organizations formed their own structure, strengthened institutionally and the number of their members greatly increased. Being organized by the principle of multileveled hierarchy and in accordance with their own statute, Ukrainian women's organizations created effective multileveled structure In the first decade of 20th century. Ukrainian women were greatly involved in public and political life of Canada. Consolidation of organized Ukrainian women resulted in formation of women's organizations and societies which represented predominant organizational tendencies of women's movement such as liberal, conservative and socialist.

Summary. Objective. In the article, the author showed the activity of the branches (branches and circles of the «Soiuz ukrainok» («Ukrainian Women’s Union»)) in Tovmach region on the basis of the materials found in the magazines «Zhinocha dolia» («Women’s destiny») and «Zhinocha volia» («Women’s will»). The author showed the work of three branches in Tovmach, Tysmenytsia and Otyniia towns and seven rural circles of the Ukrainian women’s organization on the territory of the county, he characterized their cultural, educational and social activities, he showed separate statistics on the quantitative composition of the circles of Tysmenytsia judicial district.The cultural and social work of the «Ukrainian Women’s Union» local centers was carried out through lectures and presentations, organization of various holidays, solemn events in honor of prominent Ukrainian writers, public figures, fighters for the will of Ukraine, through the organization of various educational courses for women, through the establishment of a network of children’s kindergartens and child custody from poor Ukrainian families. Also in the article the author showed the cooperation of the members of the «Ukrainian Women’s Union» of Tovmachchyna with other Ukrainian cultural-educational and economic societies «Prosvita», «Ridna shkola» («Native School»), «Silskyi hospodar» («Rural host»). Methodology of the research is based on the use of analysis, synthesis, historical and comparative methods.Scientific novelty of the article ‒ for the first on the basis of the materials found in the magazines «Zhinocha dolia» («Women’s destiny») and «Zhinocha volia» («Women’s will») the author showed the activity of the branches (branches and circles of the «Soiuz ukrainok» («Ukrainian Women’s Union»)) in Tovmach region.Conclusion. In the 1930s, despite two cases of cessation of power, the «Ukrainian Women’s Union» became the largest and most popular Ukrainian women’s organization in both Tovmachchyna and all of Eastern Galicia. With the establishment of Soviet power in Western Ukrainian lands, the «Ukrainian Women’s Union» was finally banned and its local centers liquidated by another occupier.

The present study investigates the predicament of Ukrainian women in post-war Austria, where numerous Ukrainian refugees found themselves after the end of the Second World War. Ukrainian women were active in public life, which led to attempts to resume the activities of the Ukrainian Women's Union. The relevance of this study is conditioned upon both the lack of its research and its importance for the history of the Ukrainian women's movement. The purpose of this paper is to consider the attempts to consolidate Ukrainian women, intensify the Ukrainian women's movement, resume the activities of the Union of Ukrainian Women in emigration, the main tasks and vectors of Ukrainian women's activities in post-war Austria. The study is based on the use of documentary materials stored in the Central State Archives of Ukraine in Lviv, the memories of people who were in DP camps and materials of the then Ukrainian press. The study employed general scientific methods of cognition (analysis, synthesis, induction, and deduction) and special-historical methods – problem-historical, chronological, comparative-historical, which enabled a comprehensive analysis of the problem. In the first post-war years, the Ukrainian women's movement was revived in camps for displaced persons and refugees in Austria and West Germany. The intensification of women’s activities was connected both with the need to solve a number of social and national problems of refugees and with the continuation of the traditions of the Ukrainian women’s movement. It was in Austria in 1945 that the Union of Ukrainian Women resumed its activities and the idea arose to establish a single organisational superstructure that would unite Ukrainian women in new political circumstances and emigration conditions (a project of the Union of Ukrainian Women of Europe). The authors of this study draw attention to the need to review the tasks of Ukrainian women in exile. Although the post-war living conditions of Ukrainian refugees in Austria did not allow for the implementation of part of the programme of the Ukrainian Women's Congress in Feldkirch, the activities of local branches of the Union of Ukrainian Women in DP camps were important for the life of Ukrainian communities, as women themselves were actively engaged in support activities, social work, organisation of cultural and educational activities, preservation of Ukrainian traditions in emigration. The present research can be used to write summary works on the history of life of Ukrainians in camps for displaced persons in Germany and Austria after the Second World War, the history of the women's movement and Ukrainian emigration

The article is devoted to the study of the organized women's movement abroad. The Ukrainian women's movement, which arose and began to develop in all the countries where Ukrainians immigrated and lived, became the continuation and development of the Ukrainian women's movement on Ukrainian lands and had the goal of gaining women's rights in access to education and solving all public affairs. The reason for the emigration of Ukrainians was unfavorable political circumstances in the empires, to which at the end of the 19th century included all Ukrainian lands, as well as the economic decline and slow and ineffective development of the economy of both empires. The organized Ukrainian women's movement has always relied on the principles of equality of people regardless of gender. The activity of Ukrainian women's organizations was based on the idea of gender equality. It is obvious that the concept of "gender equality" refers to modern legal terminology, and at the beginning of the formation of the organized Ukrainian women's movement, such a term did not exist. Equality of people, regardless of gender, was outlined by the concept of "women's emancipation". What is interesting in the development of the Ukrainian women's movement in the free world is the difference with the women's movement of Canadians or Australians, which had a feminist component at its core, that is, it was based on the opposition of the sexes. Such antagonism between the sexes arose in those peoples who had their own state and were not subjected to national oppression. The activities of women's organizations were aimed at identifying discriminatory social practices and fighting for women's rights. Since Ukrainians did not have their own state and were oppressed, both men and women, there could be no conflict between the sexes. Therefore, for the Ukrainian women's movement, the basic values were the acquisition of women's rights, the preservation of national identity, traditions, the education of youth, and the preservation of the church. It should be noted that Ukrainian men supported women in their endeavors. Therefore, the activity of the organized Ukrainian women's movement is outlined in the context of gender equality.

The article explores Poland’s socio-economic support for Ukrainian women during the war in Ukraine, emphasising how this assistance has enabled their integration into the workforce. The article explores Poland’s socio-economic support and presents the socio-economic dimension of Poland’s support for Ukrainian women amid the war in Ukraine, highlighting how this support has facilitated their participation in the workforce. The aim of the article is to analyse the decisions of the Polish government and local authorities, as well as the actions of employers, nongovernmental organisations and the Polish public in providing assistance to Ukrainian women who fled the war in Ukraine. It addresses the following research questions: What actions have the Polish government and other entities taken to provide socio-economic support for Ukrainian women? What factors have influenced the establishment of sole proprietorships in Poland by Ukrainian women? Were there any barriers hindering the professional activity of Ukrainian women in Poland? The research reported in this paper covers the years 2022–2023 and focuses on Ukrainian women, who represented the largest demographic group among refugees. Due to various barriers, most were employed below their qualifications. However, some demonstrated significant creativity by establishing their own businesses.

Annotation. Predicting the risk of occurrence and course of any disease is the most important and central topic of any branch of clinical medicine. This especially applies to chronic and recurrent diseases that lead to deterioration of the bone of life. One of these diseases is urticaria. The use of anthropometric indicators to achieve this goal is an economically, pathogenetically and logically justified choice. The purpose of the study is to build and analyze discriminative models of the possibility of occurrence and features of the course of urticaria in Ukrainian women depending on anthropometric and somatotypological indicators. On the basis of the Military Medical Clinical Center of the Central Region and the Department of Skin and Venereal Diseases with a postgraduate course at the National Pirogov Memorial Medical University, Vinnytsya, a clinical-laboratory and anthropo-somatotypological examination of 40 young Ukrainian women with acute and chronic urticaria of the mild and severe course As a control group, the indicators of body structure and dimensions of 101 practically healthy Ukrainian women of a similar age group were used, which were taken from the data bank of the research center of the National Pirogov Memorial Medical University, Vinnytsya. With the help of the license package “Statistica 6.0”, discriminant models of the possibility of occurrence and characteristics of the course of urticaria in Ukrainian women were built, depending on anthropometric and somatotypological indicators. In Ukrainian women, based on the characteristics of anthropo-somatotypological indicators, reliable discriminative models were built, which allow with a high probability to classify them as “typical” for practically healthy or patients with urticaria, as well as “typical” for mild or severe acute urticaria course (correspondingly correct in 89.4 % of cases, Wilks' Lambda statistic=0.080, p<0.001). When taking into account the structure and body size indicators among women with urticaria, a reliable interpretation of the obtained classification indicators is possible only between a mild and severe course of the disease (correspondingly, the correctness of 52.5 % of cases, Wilks' Lambda statistic=0.465, p<0.001).

The article addresses the highly relevant issue of subjective well-being among women living in different sociocultural and political contexts, focusing on Ukrainian women who experienced forced displacement due to the full-scale war and women from other countries residing outside the context of military aggression. The relevance of the study is determined by the prolonged impact of war-related threats, uncertainty, changes in social roles, loss of stability and community ties, and the necessity to adapt to a new host environment. Despite the growing body of research on war-related psychological consequences, little is known about how the combination of resilience and coping strategies shapes subjective well-being among forcibly displaced Ukrainian women compared to women from other post-Soviet countries. The aim of the study is to conduct a comparative analysis of subjective well-being in Ukrainian women and women from other countries living in Germany, and to identify the role of resilience and coping strategies in maintaining psychological well-being. The methodology employed validated psychometric instruments, including the Positive Mental Health Scale (PMH-scale), the Modified BBC Subjective Well-being Scale (BBC-SWB), the Connor–Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC-10), and the Brief COPE inventory. Statistical analyses involved descriptive indicators, group comparisons, and correlation tests to identify associations between the key constructs. The results demonstrated significant between-group differences: Ukrainian women reported lower levels of subjective well-being and positive mental health compared to women from other countries. Resilience emerged as a strong predictor of well-being in both groups, but its influence was more pronounced among Ukrainian participants. Furthermore, Ukrainian women more frequently relied on emotion-focused and avoidant coping strategies, whereas women from other countries tended to use problem-focused coping, which was associated with higher well-being indicators. Future research should expand the sample, incorporate additional vulnerable groups, and examine the longitudinal dynamics of well-being during long-term residence abroad or in the process of returning to Ukraine.

Fighting the threat of possible assimilation of the Ukrainian ethnic group combined with the necessity for successful socio-economic integration into the multiethnic Canadian society, on the one hand, and the need for Uk-rainian women to protect their rights on the other hand, prompted Ukrainian Canadian women to establish the UCC (– UCC – Ukrainian Canadian Congress) (Ukrainian Women’s Association of Canada) in 1926. Founded as a voluntary association to overcome illiteracy and to provide mutual assi¬stance in the adaptation of emigrant women and their families, the UCC has over time developed into a full-fledged public organization with a wide range of activity. This became possible due to the well-organized work of the leadership of the Ukrainian Women’s Association of Canada and the change of attitude towards gender equality. One of the important tasks of the Associa¬tion was the fostering of an educated nationally conscious mother and public person, educator of the younger generation, guardian of her religion and traditional customs. In addition to education and art events, the Ukrainian Women’s Association of Canada also organized assistance to the Ukrainian liberation movement by collecting donations to help political prisoners and injured soldiers of the Ukrainian army and shaping the public position and national consciousness of Ukrainian women. Publications in calendars and almanacs of the 1920’s–1930’s clearly testify to the great work done by the Ukrainian Women’s Association of Canada. It was a self-sufficient multi-level organization that effectively encouraged Ukrainian women to work sys¬tematically in the community and their family. Keywords: Ukrainian diaspora of Canada, women’s movement, Ukrainian Women’s Association of Canada, liberals, calendars, “Ukrainian Voice”.

This article examines the strategies for preserving cultural identity and the peculiarities of cross-cultural adaptation among the Ukrainian women who participated in a case study.The study is based on the analysis of culture shock stages by Oberg and acculturation strategies outlined in Berry’s model. Five Ukrainian women in forced migration (in Poland, Sweden, Switzerland, and the UK) and five females in voluntary migration (in India, Poland, Italy, and Germany) participated in this research. Data collection methods of the study include a survey in Google Forms, direct observation, and phenomenological interviews. A software program MAXQDA was used for qualitative data analysis. The results show that the Ukrainian women in both forced and voluntary migration encounter challenges such as language barriers, social exclusion, differences in social norms, and difficulties in medical services. They experience crisis, recovery, and adjustment stages of culture shock, with common emotions including anxiety, homesickness, confusion, frustration, curiosity, and excitement. Key adaptation resources involve social support, experiential learning, and digital media. Regardless of migration type or future plans, women maintain cultural identity through native language use, traditional celebrations, Ukrainian cuisine, and cultural events. These insights can assist NGOs, psychologists, and social workers in creating more effective programs for integration and mental health support of migrants.

Research on the relationship between reproductive work and women´s life trajectories including the experience of labour migration has mainly focused on the case of relatively young mothers who leave behind, or later re-join, their children. While it is true that most women migrate at a younger age, there are a significant number of cases of men and women who move abroad for labour purposes at a more advanced stage, undertaking a late-career migration. This is still an under-estimated and under-researched sub-field that uncovers a varied range of issues, including the global organization of reproductive work and the employment of migrant women as domestic workers late in their lives. By pooling the findings of two qualitative studies, this article focuses on Peruvian and Ukrainian women who seek employment in Spain and Italy when they are well into their forties, or older. A commonality the two groups of women share is that, independently of their level of education and professional experience, more often than not they end up as domestic and care workers. The article initially discusses the reasons for late-career female migration, taking into consideration the structural and personal determinants that have affected Peruvian and Ukrainian women’s careers in their countries of origin and settlement. After this, the focus is set on the characteristics of domestic employment at later life, on the impact on their current lives, including the transnational family organization, and on future labour and retirement prospects. Apart from an evaluation of objective working and living conditions, we discuss women’s personal impressions of being domestic workers in the context of their occupational experiences and family commitments. In this regard, women report varying levels of personal and professional satisfaction, as well as different patterns of continuity-discontinuity in their work and family lives, and of optimism towards the future. Divergences could be, to some extent, explained by the effect of migrants´ transnational social practices and policies of states.

Abstract. Relevance of the study. The issue of preserving the health of women of mature age is considered a global concern. Of particular interest is the noticeable decline in health status and physical activity among women aged 22–35. Age-related changes in the functioning of body systems lead to an increase in chronic diseases and a decline in motor performance. The purpose of this study is to identify the morphological characteristics of women aged 22–25 residing in Kyiv (Ukraine) and Zhoukou (China). Research methods. The research employed theoretical analysis and synthesis of specialized scientific literature, biomedical methods, a pedagogical experiment, and methods of mathematical statistics. A total of 32 women aged 22–25 participated in the study. Results. It was found that Ukrainian women had higher average body weight and height, with the Ukrainian sample displaying greater homogeneity. For Chinese women, the average body weight (M±m) was 54.92±1.58 kg, with a 95% confidence interval ranging from 51.45 to 58.39 kg. The standard deviation was 5.46 kg (V=9.94%), with a range of 17 kg (from 47 to 64 kg). In contrast, Ukrainian women had a higher average body weight (60.36±0.19 kg) and a narrower confidence interval (95% CI: 59.96–60.75), with a standard deviation of only 0.84 kg (V=1.4%) and a range of just 3 kg (58–62 kg), indicating greater sample homogeneity. The results demonstrate notable differences in the basic parameters of physical development between women from Ukraine and China, likely influenced by both genetic and sociocultural factors (e.g., diet, lifestyle, and levels of physical activity). Conclusions. The study identified morphological heterogeneity among women, which necessitates differentiated approaches to physical activity and training load. Ukrainian women had significantly higher morphological parameters compared to their Chinese counterparts: average body weight was 5.44 kg (9.9%) greater; body height was 4.33 cm (2.7%) greater; body mass index was 0.9 kg/m² (4.3%) higher; and Quetelet index was 24 g/cm (7.1%) higher. The Ukrainian sample was structurally homogeneous (body weight variation coefficient of 1.4%), whereas the Chinese sample demonstrated greater morphological heterogeneity (variation coefficient of 9.9%).

The issue of the relationships between anxiety and aggressiveness among Ukrainian women in war conditions has been dealt with in this article. The relevance of the chosen topic is beyond doubt, since social problems based on psychological factors are especially relevant during the war. It is substantiated that a change in the usual living conditions leads to a significant increase in anxiety and aggressiveness among women. In this paper, the attention is paid specifically to the study of anxiety and manifestation of aggressiveness by women who are in war conditions. It is worth noting that currently in the psychological and social literature, the number of publications about the problem of anxiety is increasing, since anxiety occupies a special place, as it often leads to a decrease in work capacity, productivity, difficulties in communication, etc. It has been found out that the level of anxiety can be manifested in the aggressive women’s behaviour in the war conditions. It is noted that the state of anxiety and aggressiveness is the most common phenomenon among women in war conditions. The results of the analysis and generalization of scientific sources are presented in this paper. It has been identified that the problem of anxiety and aggressiveness is one of the topical issues of modern psychology. The need for timely identification and work with the anxiety, anxious behaviour and aggressiveness of women in war conditions and after military aggression has been emphasized. The analysis of the questionnaire conducted among Ukrainian women in war conditions has been carried out, and the degree of their influence on women’s daily lives and life activities in war time has been determined. The purpose of this work is theoretical substantiation and empirical study of the specific of the relationships between anxiety and the manifestation of aggressive behaviour of Ukrainian women in war conditions. The object of this study is the anxiety of Ukrainian women in war conditions, whereas the subject of this study is the character of the relationship between anxiety and the manifestation of aggressiveness of Ukrainian women in war conditions. The conceptual hypothesis of this research lies in the assumption of the presence of significant relationship between anxiety and the manifestation of aggressiveness of Ukrainian women in war conditions, and it has been fully confirmed. Considering the influence of war conditions on the anxiety and aggressiveness of Ukrainian women, the relationship between the mentioned psychological categories has been claimed. It has been revealed that the state of anxiety can be manifested in the aggressive behaviour of women in war conditions. It is noted that the state of anxiety and aggressiveness is the most common phenomenon among women in war conditions. According to the results of this study, there have been identified those significant relationships between indicators of anxiety and certain forms of aggressiveness among Ukrainian women in war conditions. It is substantiated that the high level of manifestation of anxiety is caused by certain psychological features. It has been found out that the increase in the level of anxiety, indicators of family anxiety and anxious behaviour is associated with an increase in the level of aggressiveness of Ukrainian women. The practical significance lies in the fact that the obtained results can be used by employees of psychological services, practical psychologists during counselling at various stages of psychotherapeutic work with women in war conditions.

The study examined the impact of war stress on the mental health of Ukrainian civilians who stayed in Ukraine or who went abroad due to the war in Ukraine. Psychological traumatism because of the threats that war brings is manifested in increased severity of post-traumatic stress disorders, the so-called «complex trauma», depressive tendencies, sleep disorders, etc. The sample included 338 Ukrainians; post-traumatic stress disorder was observed in 35% of civilian Ukrainian women and 12.5% of civilian Ukrainian men (according to the results of an online survey using the PSL- 5 questionnaire). Among Ukrainian women who had minor children and were abroad, 40.5% had severe symptoms of PTSD. Depression measured with the PHQ-9 questionnaire showed that more than half (57.8%) of the surveyed Ukrainian women had moderate or worse depressive symptoms, in addition, 30, 1% had moderately severe or severe depression. Among men, almost a third (32.1%) had at least moderate depressive symptoms, but more severe forms occurred significantly less than those in women. The online survey on sleep disorders was conducted using the ISI questionnaire. At least moderate sleep disorders were observed in 39.5% of Ukrainian women and 28.6% of Ukrainian men. In addition, among Ukrainian men and women who were abroad, the indicators of PTSD, depression and sleep disorders were significantly higher than corresponding indicators among those who stayed in Ukraine. The study results showed the need to implement programs of medical, psychological and psychosocial support and rehabilitation, which millions of Ukrainians need.