Abstract
A new tetraphenylethylene (TPE) functionalized 1,4-dihydropyrrolo[3,2-b]pyrrole derivative (APPTPECN) was synthesized with obvious aggregation-induced emission (AIE) active by simple synthetic method. APPTPECN exhibited reversible mechanofluorochromic (MFC) behavior. The powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) investigations exhibited that the MFC nature is originated through a conversion from the microcrystalline to amorphous phase under the stimulus of external force. The results obtained would be of major help in understanding the MFC mechanism and designing new MFC materials. Compound APPTPECN has the potential possibility to employ in rewritable data storage and is of assistance in the rational design of smart luminescent materials.
Highlights
Fluorescent mechanofluorochromic (MFC) is a phenomenon where solid and liquid crystalline materials change their photoluminescence properties upon applying mechanical stimulation, such as grinding, ball-milling, and crushing [1–7]
Rationally controlling the design of molecular mechanofluorochromic behavior is still a huge challenging, two main problems restrict the development of this kind of materials: the lack of deep understanding for the structure-property relationship of such materials and the fluorescent quenching effect in the solid state [27–31]
It is exciting that a major breakthrough came from an unusual aggregation-induced emission (AIE) phenomenon in the study of 1-methyl-1,2,3,4,5-pentaphenylsilole [32]
Summary
Fluorescent mechanofluorochromic (MFC) is a phenomenon where solid and liquid crystalline materials change their photoluminescence properties upon applying mechanical stimulation, such as grinding, ball-milling, and crushing [1–7]. Rationally controlling the design of molecular mechanofluorochromic behavior is still a huge challenging, two main problems restrict the development of this kind of materials: the lack of deep understanding for the structure-property relationship of such materials and the fluorescent quenching effect in the solid state [27–31]. AIE concept has been extensively used to design efficient solid-state fluorescent materials and MFC materials because of highly twisted backbone structures bearing rotatable units [33–35]. The twisted molecular conformations which enable them to emit strong fluorescence in the aggregated state by weakening intermolecular close stacking and intense π-π interactions, and lead to the formation of MFC properties by changing the molecular packing modes upon pressure [36–38]. The synthesis of novel effective solid-state luminogens is still a hot topic for the researchers
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