Abstract
Herein, we report the efficiency of mechanochemical method as a simple, green and environmental approach to synthesis of exfoliated graphite (EG) consisting of multi and few layers of graphene. The layers of graphite expand under mild conditions using citric acid as a cheap and non-toxic intercalation and along with potassium permanganate as oxidation lead to exfoliation of graphite at room temperature. Measured conductivity of EG was 120 S/cm. Although EG has high conductivity, mixing it with zinc oxide (ZnO) and polyethylene shows great nonlinear properties. Results indicate that these combinations could be used as a varistor to protect electronic circuits. In addition, experimental results suggest that by increasing EG content in the mixture, breakdown voltage and nonlinear coefficient are both decreased from 360 to 40 V and 11.25 to 5.22 respectively. Finally, it was found that heat treatment on ZnO led nonlinear coefficient to decrease, the sample sintered at a lower temperature showing the highest nonlinearity.
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