Abstract
All men, almost, suffer from prostatic disorders in average life expectancy. In the year of 1950s, the first autopsy of prostate gland discovered the link between Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and Prostate Cancer (PCa). After that, many histology, biochemistry, epidemiology studies explained the association and associated risk factor for the same. From the various scientific evidence, it is proved that both diseases share some common transcription factors and signalling pathways. Still, BPH cannot be considered as the first step of PCa progression. To define, the relationship between both of the diseases, a well-defined large epidemiological study is needed. Along with androgen signalling, imbalanced apoptosis, oxidative stress, and microbial infection also crucial factors that significantly affect the pathogenesis of BPH. Various signalling pathways are involved in the progression of BPH. Androgen signalling is the driving force for the progress of PCa. In PCa androgen signalling is upregulated as compared to a healthy prostate. Some dominant Androgen-regulated genes and their functions have been discussed in this work.
Highlights
In the year of 1950s, the first autopsy of prostate gland discovered the link between Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and Prostate Cancer (PCa)
The precise contribution of each factor like prostate-specific antigen (PSA) analysis, evaluation of biopsies, staging, and risk of PCa is recommended to understand the intricate pathways connecting BPH and PCa (Table 2) [6]
In normal as well as pathophysiological conditions like BPH and PCa, TGF-β I help in the regulation of basal cell in a paracrine way in the prostate gland [33, 34] TGF-β Hinders propagation of cells found in the epithelium of prostate and induces apoptosis [35, 36]
Summary
In the year of 1950s, the first autopsy of prostate gland discovered the link between BPH and PCa [1]. Various signalling pathways are involved in the progression of BPH. BPH and PCa have some common characteristics like hormone dependency and pharmacological effect to androgen antagonist agents (Table 1) [5]. Between PCa, BPH and normal prostate for CYP gene polymorphism [ ].
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