Mechanistic Study of PD-1 Inhibitors in the Immune Microenvironment of Liver Metastases: A Comprehensive Analysis Based on Radiomics

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Liver metastases are a common and clinically challenging type of tumor. Their poor prognosis has prompted researchers to seek new treatments. The immune microenvironment of liver metastases is complex and critical. It involves interactions among various immune cells, cytokines, and signaling pathways that influence tumor growth, metastasis, and treatment efficacy. In recent years, PD-1 inhibitors have emerged as a major breakthrough in immunotherapy, showing promise in treating liver metastases. However, accurately predicting patient responses to PD-1 inhibition remains a pressing challenge. Radiomics is a non-invasive tool that analyzes features from medical images to show how tumor biology affects treatment responses. This article reviews the features of the immune microenvironment in liver metastases, how PD-1 inhibitors work, and the advancements in radiomics for predicting treatment responses in liver metastases. It aims to offer useful insights for clinical practice and point out future research directions to further improve treatment outcomes and accurate treatment evaluations for patients with liver metastases.