Abstract
In the context of failure of treatment for non alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD)-mediated systemic damages, recognition of novel and successful characteristic drug to combat these anomalous situations is earnestly required. The present study is aimed to evaluate protective value of ethanol extract of Coccinia grandis leaves (EECGL), naturally occurring medicinal plant, on NAFLD-mediated systemic damage induced by high lipid diet along with monosodium glutamate (HM)-fed rats. Our study uncovered that EECGL significantly ameliorates HM-induced hyperlipidemia, increased lipogenesis and metabolic disturbances (via up regulation of PPAR-α and PPAR-γ), oxidative stress (via reducing the generation of reactive oxygen species and regulating the redox-homeostasis) and inflammatory response (via regulating the pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory factors with concomitant down regulation of NF-kB, iNOS, TNF-α and up regulation of eNOS). Furthermore, EECGL significantly inhibited HM-induced increased population of cells in sub G0/G1 phase, decreased Bcl2 expression and thereby loss of mitochondrial membrane potential with over expression of Bax, p53, p21, activation of caspase 3 and 9 indicated the apoptosis and suppression of cell survival. It is perhaps the first comprehensive study with a mechanistic approach which provides a strong unique strategy for the management of HM-induced systemic damage with effective dose of EECGL.
Highlights
In the context of failure of treatment for non alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD)-mediated systemic damages, recognition of novel and successful characteristic drug to combat these anomalous situations is earnestly required
Enormous numbers of known bioactive compounds were present in ethanol extract of Coccinia grandis leaves (EECGL) which was uncovered by High performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC) and GCMS study in the present investigation
Results of our present study showed that the level of high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) (Fig. 2M) was significantly higher (P < 0.001) in the HM group compared with the NC group, whereas it was successfully controlled by the three different concentrations of EECGLs treatment in contrast to the HM group and remained close to the level in the NC group, which further demonstrated the anti-inflammatory potential of EECGLs mainly EECGLH (P < 0.001)
Summary
In the context of failure of treatment for non alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD)-mediated systemic damages, recognition of novel and successful characteristic drug to combat these anomalous situations is earnestly required. Considering their antioxidant, cholesterol lowering, hypoglycemic, pain relieving, antimicrobial, antipyretic, calming, antiulcer, antidiabetic, hepatoprotective, antimalarial, antidyslipidemic, anticancer, antitussive, mutagenic activities[18] with different bioactive phytoconstituents in particular alkaloid, cardenolides, flavonoids, terpenoids, saponins and p olyprenols[19] are most prominent in Coccinia grandis leaves, we estimated that it would weaken the occasions prompting NAFLD mediated hepatic steatosis which may increase the risk of cardiovascular ill effects To demonstrate this speculation, the present investigation was intended to assess the preventive impacts of ethanol extract of Coccinia grandis leaves (EECGL) on NAFLD utilizing animal model nourished in combination of high lipid diet along with monosodium glutamate (HM). The impacts of EECGL on inflammatory factors, oxidative markers were investigated, the genes identified with inflammation and proteins identified with apoptosis were evaluated to further clarify the impacts of EECGL on NAFLD intervened systemic damage
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