Mechanisms supporting long propagation regimes of photorefractive solitons

Abstract

We extend investigation of one-dimensional solitons in biased photorefractive crystals to long propagation regimes, where self-trapping over a large number of linear diffraction lengths combines with the progressive growth of generally distortive spatially nonlocal components. Results indicate that saturation halts the radiative misshaping of the soliton, which follows that specific bending trajectory along which its evolution is governed by the same local screening nonlinearity that intervenes in short propagation conditions, where spatial nonlocality has a negligible effect. This finding not only allows the prediction of the curvature and of the relative role of charge displacement and diffusion, but implies a set of interesting observable effects, such as boomerangs, counterpropagating and cavity geometries, quasirectilinear and anomalous collisions, along with specific consequences on soliton arrays and on coupling to bulk gratings.