Mechanisms of Panax notoginseng in the treatment of vascular disease: A review and preliminary analysis

The potential therapeutic effects of Panax notoginseng in osteoporosis: A comprehensive review.

Gut microbiota: A new key of understanding for Panax notoginseng against multiple disorders and biotransformation.

Salvia miltiorrhiza (SM) and Panax notoginseng (PN) in combination (SMPN) have been widely used primarily in Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), for the treatment of coronary heart disease, and its pharmacological activity should be complicated because of its multiple components. Here, we combine text mining with bioinformatics to predict functional networks for the combination. 53 genes related with SMPN were found with text mining. Protein-protein interaction information for these genes from databases and Literature data was searched. Eight highly-connected regions were detected by IPCA algorithm to infer significant complexes or pathways in this network. Over-represented Gene Ontology categories of highly-connected regions by biological network gene ontology tool involved in small GTPase mediated signal transduction, apoptosis, regulation of immune effector process, phosphorylation about enzyme linked receptor protein signaling pathway, positive regulation of biological process. Integrate expression data from six microarray experiments about coronary heart disease into the SMPN network, and use the jActiveModules tool to find active subnetworks in differential expression conditions. The most relevant functions and pathways extracted from these subnetworks were related to proliferation and apoptosis of endothelial cell, apoptosis of arterial smooth muscle cell, apoptosis and regulation of immune system process within macrophages during foam cell formation, cardiocyte apoptosis. Analysis of the subnetwork composition indicated that there were in each subnetworks, and in the most subnetworks were dominant, the nodes came from SM network more than from PN network. It was suggested that, therapeutic efficacies of SMPN should be results of interaction between SM and PN in the multiple pathways and biological processes, and SM maybe play a principal role and PN serve as adjuvant one to assist the effects during the treatment of coronary heart disease. Key words: Panax notoginseng, salvia miltiorrhiza, herbal combination, bioinformatics, text mining, pharamcological activity.

Evolving Experience of Percutaneous Management of Type B Aortic Dissection

12. Paris W, Muchmore J, Pribil A, Zuhdi N, Cooper DK. Study of the relative incidences of psychosocial factors before and after transplantation and the influence of posttransplantation psychosocial factors on heart transplantation outcome. J Heart Lung Transplant 1994; 13: 424. 13. Chacko RC, Harper RG, Kunik M, Young J. Relationship of psychiatric morbidity and psychosocial factors in organ transplant candidates. Psychosomatics 1996; 37: 100. 14. Frazier P, et al. Correlates of non-compliance among renal transplant recipients. Clin Transplant 1994; 8: 550. 15. Chacko RC, Harper RG, Gotto J, Young J. Psychiatric interview and psychometric predictors of cardiac transplant survival. Am J Psychiatry 1996; 153: 1607. 16. Twillmann RK, Manetto C, Wellisch DK, Wolcott DL. The transplant evaluation rating scale: a revision of the psychosocial levels system for evaluating organ transplant candidates. Psychosomatics 1993; 34: 144. 17. Olbrisch ME, Levenson JL, Hamer R. The PACT: a rating scale for the study of clinical decision-making in psychosocial screening of organ transplant candidates. Clin Transplant 1989; 3: 164. 18. Hecker J, Norvell N, Hills H. Psychologic assessment of candidates for heart transplantation: toward a normative data base. J Heart Transplant 1989; 8(2): 171. 19. Levenson JL, Olbrisch ME. Psychosocial evaluation of organ transplant candidates: a comparative survey of process, criteria, and outcomes in heart, liver, and kidney transplantation. Psychosomatics 1993; 34(4): 314.

Plantations of Panax notoginseng (PN), traditional herbal medicine for the prevention and treatment of vascular diseases, are expanding rapidly in China, especially in the Yunnan province of China, due to its increasing demands and prices and causing dramatic environmental concerns. However, existing information on its planting area and spatial distribution are limited. Here, we mapped the PN planting area by using a new integrated pixel- and object-based (IPOB) approach, the Random Forest (RF) classifier, and the high-resolution ZiYuan-3 (ZY-3) imagery. We improved the procedures of classification in three aspects: (1) a new spectral index—Normalized Difference PN Index (NDPI)—was proposed, (2) the efficiency and scale of segmentation were optimized by using the Bi-level Scale-sets Model (BSM), and (3) feature variables were selected through an iteration analysis from 99 feature variables (spectral, textural, geometric, and geographic). Compared with the pixel- and the object-based methods, the IPOB has the highest F1 score of 0.98 and also has high robustness in terms of user and producer accuracies (97% and 99%, respectively), following by the object-based method (F1 = 0.94) and the pixel-based method (F1 = 0.93). The high accuracy was expected since the target class has very distinctive spectral and textural characteristics. Although all three approaches showed reasonably high accuracies due to the application of the NDPI and optimized procedures, the result showed the outperformance of the proposed IPOB approach. The framework established in this study expects to apply for regional or national PN surveys extensively. The information on the area and spatial distribution of PN can guide the government on policy making for the planting and exporting of traditional Chinese medicine resources.

Natural compounds with structural similarities to endogenous hormones, such as alkaloids, coumestans, flavonoids, lignans, saponins, and stilbenes, have been recognized increasingly for their potential in preventing and treating endocrine disorders related to steroid hormones. Panax notoginseng (Burk.) F. H. Chen, a member of the Araliaceae family and commonly known as Sanqi or Tianqi, is a valuable herbal medicine used to treat various diseases. The majority of saponins (ginsenosides) found in Panax notoginseng belongs to the dammarane triterpenoid group, exhibiting beneficial biological effects, including the treatment of cardiovascular diseases, pain, inflammation, and injuries, as well as internal and external bleeding caused by injury. The aglycone portion of ginsenosides possesses a steroid-like hydrophobic four-ring structure, similar to steroid hormones. Recent studies have indicated that the Panax notoginseng ginsenoside saponins (PNS) have steroid hormone-like activities, bringing the potential for endocrine disorders treatment. Thus, this review aims to provide the chemical structure and steroid hormone-regulating effects of ginsenoside saponins in Panax notoginseng.
 Keywords: Panax notoginseng, saponin, steroid hormone, ginsenoside, hormone-like effect.

The therapeutic utility of the nitric oxide (NO)/soluble guanylyl cyclase (sGC)/cyclic guanosine 3’5’-monophosphate (cGMP) pathway is well-recognised, with NO donors used in the treatment of diseases such as heart failure, acute hypertensive crisis and pulmonary hypertension. However, traditional nitrovasodilator therapy is somewhat limited due to the development of tolerance following prolonged administration. Furthermore, in vascular disease states such as hypertension, the NO/sGC/cGMP pathway appears to be dysfunctional. Such dysfunction is thought to arise as a consequence of oxidative stress and the associated increase in vascular superoxide anion radical (•O2-) levels, leading to enhanced scavenging of NO to form the oxidant, peroxynitrite (ONOO-). Indeed, ONOO- is able to oxidise the reduced (Fe2+) heme group of sGC, converting it into its NO-insensitive ferric (Fe3+) or heme-free forms. Under such conditions, the efficacy of NO donors/nitrovasodilators are compromised, due to their inability to target these altered states of sGC, underlining the need for novel non-NO based compounds. As such, this thesis examines the vaso-protective actions and therapeutic potential of the redox sibling of NO, nitroxyl (HNO), as well as NO-independent sGC stimulators (BAY 41-2272) and activators (BAY 58-2667) in a number of cardiovascular disease states. From a clinical perspective, NO-independent compounds such as HNO donors and/or stimulators and activators of sGC may offer considerable therapeutic advantages over traditional nitrovasodilator therapies due to their well-documented resistance to •O2- scavenging and vascular tolerance development, as well as the ability to target oxidised/heme-free sGC (i.e. BAY 58-2667) and the potential to mediate their effects via cGMP-independent mechanisms of action. Such compounds may also offer the basis from which future therapies, for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases, are designed.

Antioxidant activities of Salvia miltiorrhiza and Panax notoginseng

Heart failure (HF) is a growing problem worldwide and is associated with high rates of morbidity and mortality. More than 5 million Americans—and 14 million persons worldwide—experience HF.1 These patients are characterized by progressive health deterioration and increasingly frequent episodes of decompensation, often resulting in repeat hospital admissions. In the United States, more than 1 million hospitalizations a year are due to decompensation of HF, resulting in an enormous economic burden for health care systems.2 Furthermore, hospitalization represents more than 50% of the direct and indirect costs of HF. Although medical therapy for HF has advanced substantially, up to 20% of patients hospitalized with HF no longer respond to standard medical (drug) therapy.3 Patients with decompensated HF who are refractory to standard medical management are known to have a poor prognosis and a detrimental impact on health care resources. Numerous studies have established a key role of neurohormonal mechanisms as mediators for the progression of HF. It has been speculated that one of the reasons for the vicious cascade of adverse neurohormonal activation is reduced aortic blood flow due to the low cardiac output in HF.4 Disordered aortic flow is not merely "low flow" but is a chaotic disturbance in the flow "signature" within the aorta. Disordered aortic flow, with flow reversal at the endothelial margin during portions of the cardiac cycle, has been previously characterized in bench top and animal models and is thought to be an important contributing factor to HF and the cardiorenal syndrome.5 Supporting this hypothesis, continuous aortic flow augmentation (CAFA) has been reported in a feasibility study to reduce pulmonary capillary wedge pressure, improve renal function, improve the Starling curve, and reduce systemic vascular resistance during the treatment period as well as after removal of the system.6 CAFA addresses the problem of disordered aortic flow by superimposing continuous flow on pulsatile flow in the descending aorta throughout the cardiac cycle. Therefore, CAFA might be an option to interrupt the cardiorenal syndrome by improving endothelial function and down-regulating neurohormones in patients with truly refractory HF and without further therapeutic options. Implantation of the percutaneous Cancion System (Orqis Medical Corporation, Lake Forest, CA) provides CAFA to treat decompensated HF. The Cancion System consists of 2 catheters used to gain bifemoral arterial access. For CAFA, a flow rate of 1.0 to 1.5 L/min is required, which is provided by inflow and outflow catheters with an external diameter of 12F being inserted into the femoral arteries. Thus, the Cancion System is contraindicated in patients with known severe peripheral vascular diseases. In a canine model of microvascular coronary embolization and cardiomyopathy, CAFA reduced both filling pressure and volumes of the left ventricle and increased left ventricular stroke volume and ejection fraction.7 The mechanism of CAFA action is suggested by data from in vitro and ex vivo arterial models.8 It seems likely from these data that CAFA influences downstream vascular and renal effects by normalizing flow patterns along the aortic endothelial surface that may occur under conditions of reduced cardiac output. A previous study examined 24 patients hospitalized with an exacerbation of HF, inadequately responsive to standard medical therapy, including diuretics and intravenous inotropes and/or vasodilators.6 In this population, administration of CAFA for up to 5 days resulted in a progressive and sustained decrease in pulmonary capillary wedge pressure and an increase in cardiac index. In addition, favorable trends in renal function were observed. A previous publication described complications of the Cancion System in patients with peripheral arterial disease.9 In this case report, we describe the procedure and the results of the implantation of a Cancion System for CAFA in a patient with severe peripheral vascular disease after stenting of the iliac artery, focusing on preparation, insertion of the device, and the patient's clinical and symptomatic response to treatment with the Cancion System. A 71-year-old man was admitted to the hospital for decompensated HF, New York Heart Association (NYHA) class IV. The patient's medical history included coronary artery disease (coronary artery bypass graft surgery in 1996), ischemic cardiomyopathy with severely diminished left ventricular systolic function, and implantation of a St Jude cardioverter-defibrillator in August 2005. The patient had a history of intermittent atrial fibrillation, hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, diabetes mellitus type II, and smoking. On admission to the hospital, the patient complained of dyspnea and was diagnosed with pneumonia and pleural effusion. The patient was severely debilitated, with marked lower extremity edema and abnormal renal function. Transthoracic echocardiography demonstrated severe left ventricular dilation with 20% to 25% ejection fraction and an anterior left ventricular aneurysm. Doppler echocardiography results revealed a mild aortic valve stenosis and severe mitral valve insufficiency. At a recently performed 6-minute walking test, the patient had to discontinue after 2 minutes and 47 m due to severe dyspnea. Implantation of a Cancion System for CAFA was planned in an attempt to improve the patient's hemodynamics and clinical condition. At that time there were no clinical signs of severe peripheral arterial disease. The Cancion system comprises a centrifugal flow pump and electromagnetic motor, a flow sensor, a control system, and 2 percutaneous catheters for the inflow and outflow of blood (Figure 1). The inflow catheter initiates the circuit and leads the blood to the pump. Designed to minimize hemolysis and reduce thrombosis, the sealed bearing-free pump fits on top of the motor. The outflow catheter, with a terminal pigtail configuration, returns blood to the descending thoracic aorta. To maintain smooth operation, the system relies on an advanced control system. The controller features an easy-to-adjust user interface and power supply. The ultrasonic flow sensor measures blood flow without disturbing or contacting the blood itself. After implantation, the blood travels from an iliac artery through the inflow catheter to a small external pump and is returned into the descending aorta. The system superimposes continuous flow on pulsatile aortic flow and never directly connects to the heart. Pump speeds of 3500 to 4500 rpm are used to achieve flow rates of 1.0 to 1.5 L/min. The Cancion System (Orqis Medical Corporation, Lake Forest, CA) is composed of an external bearingless magnetically spun pump (a) and electromagnetic motor (b) combination, a flow sensor (e), a control system (f), and 2 percutaneous catheters for the inflow and outflow of blood. The inflow catheter (d) initiates the circuit and leads the blood to the pump. The pigtail-shaped outflow catheter (c) returns blood to the vascular system. The insertion procedure was performed in the cardiac catheterization laboratory. Standard Seldinger technique was used to gain bifemoral arterial access. Difficulty was encountered during attempts to advance the guidewire through the left femoral artery. The right femoral artery was accessed with a 6F right Judkins catheter, which was positioned at the bifurcation of the aorta. A high-grade stenosis (>80% lumen reduction) of the left femoral artery and further stenosis of the proximal part of the iliac artery (Figure 2) was detected by antegrade infusion of contrast through the Judkins catheter. Therefore, we decided to implant a stent (dynamic noncoated, 9 mm diameter×25 mm length) into the left femoral artery (Figure 3). The stent was implanted by single stop technique and an infusion pressure of 12 atm. On completion of this procedure, we were able to introduce the Cancion inflow catheter into the left femoral artery (Figure 4). By antegrade infusion of contrast through the Judkins catheter from the contralateral side, a high-grade stenosis of the left femoral artery and a further stenosis of the proximal part of the iliac artery were detected (arrows). Arterial stenoses in this area have been described as a relative contraindication for the implantation of the Cancion System (Orqis Medical Corporation, Lake Forest, CA) to perform continuous aortic flow augmentation (CAFA) and a risk factor for limb ischemia or a sudden stop of CAFA blood flow. Implantation of a dynamic noncoated stent (arrow) into the left femoral artery with great angiographic result, giving the opportunity for the implantation of further catheters. Stenting a higher stenosis of the femoral artery enables introducing the inflow catheter (12 F). The inflow catheter reached a persisting flow of >1.2 L/min with 3700 rpm of the vortex pump over a period of 4 days. The small panel in the left lower corner demonstrates the positioning of the tip of the outflow catheter. Arrows indicate the position of the inflow catheter in the previously stented vessel. Following implantation, treatment was carried out in the intensive care unit. In our patient, the flow was stable at 4300 rpm and 1.2 L/min after insertion. After a few hours, the flow had increased to 1.6 L/min at which time we decided to decrease the revolutions per minute to 3800, resulting in a stable flow of 1.45 L/min throughout the remaining treatment time of 4 days. For the duration of treatment, anticoagulation was achieved with continuous infusion of unfractionated heparin to attain partial thromboplastin times of 65 to 85 seconds. Careful fluid management aiming to maintain preload and inflow to the pump as well as to avoid dehydration was undertaken throughout the treatment period since therapy induced a potent diuresis. Uneventful manual catheter removal was performed 4 days postintroduction. We modified the removal procedure by deciding not to exchange the sheath for the outflow catheter but left approximately 7 cm of the outflow catheter inside the sheath. By doing so, we avoided oozing from the sheath valve and maintained sterility. Once we had removed the inflow catheter and achieved hemostasis by using manual compression, we removed the remainder of the pigtail outflow catheter and applied manual pressure to achieve hemostasis. The patient was transferred out of intensive care 1 day after CAFA had been stopped and the Cancion System removed. No postinterventional complications occurred. The patient's clinical condition improved during CAFA, and he remained stable and compensated during the rest of his hospitalization. In addition to his improved clinical condition from NYHA III/IV to NYHA II HF class, we also recorded an improvement in his laboratory and hemodynamic parameters. Specifically, B-type natriuretic peptide levels decreased during CAFA from 2420 to 900 pg/mL at day 4. However, B-type natriuretic peptide values increased after cessation of CAFA. Furthermore, renal function improved, with a reduction of creatinine (1.57–1.37 mg/dL) and an increase in glomerular filtration rate (47–62 mL/min). The Cancion System is intended for hemodynamic improvement and sustained clinical benefit in patients with an exacerbation of chronic HF with renal impairment and/or high diuretic requirement, inadequately responsive to intravenous inotropic and/or vasodilator treatment. The system may be considered only in patients with truly refractory HF. Use of the Cancion System is contraindicated in patients with symptomatic hypotension and in patients with severe peripheral vascular or aorto iliac disease. A previous publication by Saberin and coworkers9 described the application of the Cancion System in a patient with peripheral vascular disease including a 50% stenosis of the left iliac artery. In that case, however, the flow rates dropped from 1.47 to 0.2 L/min, possibly due to obstruction around the inflow cannula near the site of the iliac artery stenosis. The flow reduction occurred 5 hours after initiating therapy. The flow was stabilized by adequate fluid infusion and successfully restored by slightly withdrawing the tip of the inflow catheter. Based on this finding, the authors suggested that peripheral vascular disease is a relative but not an absolute contraindication for CAFA, although patients with evidence of peripheral vascular disease require careful flow monitoring during CAFA therapy. Based on the present findings, we have evidence that, under some circumstances of focal arterial obstruction, CAFA therapy can be safely and efficiently performed. The risk of sudden reduction of flow due to arterial obstruction could be reduced by dilatation of the stenoses before implantation of the inflow catheter. Furthermore, this procedure might reduce the risk of limb ischemia that could occur as a result of CAFA in patients with peripheral arterial disease. CAFA provides a progressive reduction in pulmonary capillary wedge pressure and an increase in cardiac index, consistent with a favorable shift in the Starling curve. The fact that hemodynamic improvement tends to be sustained for at least 24 hours following discontinuation of CAFA treatment supports the view that this therapy "breaks a vicious cycle" in which aortic flow reduction leads to progressive vasoconstriction, which further worsens cardiac output and reduces aortic flow. The progressive decrease in systemic vascular resistance seen with CAFA treatment, as well as renal benefits observed both in animal models7 and in humans,6 suggests that signals initiated through reduced aortic flow, possibly of endothelial origin, drive adverse downstream vascular and renal effects. Based on hemodynamic effects observed with CAFA to date, patients hospitalized with HF exacerbation that is inadequately responsive to medical therapy may benefit from a several-day course of therapy, with improvement in hemodynamics and clinical status. Preclinical work with CAFA using longer duration times of more than 4 days has demonstrated a sustained myocardial benefit10 and might offer a new therapeutic option for patients with severe chronic HF. This case demonstrates that under some circumstances, the Cancion System may be employed in patients with high-grade stenoses of iliac-femoral arteries after vascular stenting, providing clinical benefit over and above that of standard medical treatment. CAFA represents a promising new treatment for patients with exacerbations of chronic HF refractory to conventional medical therapy.

Objective To explore the clinical characteristics of hepatic sinusoidal obstruction syndrome (HSOS) related to Tusanqi (senecio chrysanthemoides) and fully recognize the severity of the disease. Methods Medical record data of patients who were diagnosed as having Tusanqi-related HSOS in the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University from January 2011 to May 2018 were collected and analyzed retrospectively. Results A total of 19 patients entered the study, including 12 males (63.2%), 7 females (36.8%), and the median age was 65(44-82) years. All the patients mistook Tusanqi for Sanqi (Panax notoginseng), and they themselves took Tusanqi steeping in water(13 cases), decocting in water (4 cases) or soaking in wine(2 cases). The reasons for taking Tusanqi were trauma(11 cases), hypertension (4 cases of), lumbar intervertebral disc herniation(2 cases), lumbar fracture(1 cases), and prostatitis hemorrhage(1 cases). The median time of Tusanqi use was 23(5-212) days. The median time from Tusanqi initiation to onset of HSOS was 20 (5-212) days. The RUCAM score were 4 for 1 case, 5 for 7 cases, 6 for 5 cases, 7 for 4 cases, 8 for 2 cases. The patients′ Child-Pugh was classified as follows: A (2 cases), B (8 cases) and C (9 cases). The types of liver injury were cholestasis in 5 cases, hepatocyte injury in 6 cases, and mixed type in 8 cases. The severity of HSOS was classified as super severe in 5 cases, severe in 4 cases, moderate in 7 cases, and mild in 3 cases. The clinical manifestations included abdominal distension, poor appetite, jaundice, hepatomegaly, ascites, and edema of both lower limbs. Laboratory abnormalities included elevated ALT, AST, TBil, and INR levels, prolonged prothrombin time, and decreased PLT and serum albumin levels. The imaging findings were mainly ascites, hepatomegaly, decreased density of liver parenchyma, uneven liver enhancemen, and unclear hepatic vein. The treatment measures included hepatoprotection, diuresis, anticoagulation, hormone therapy, improvement of microcirculation and plasmapheresis. The outcomes of the patients showed that 15 patients improved, and 4 died; and the mortality was 21.1%. Conclusions Tusanqi-related HSOS was a serious adverse reaction with decompensated liver disease as the main manifestation, poor prognosis and high mortality. Therefore, public education of safe drug use should be strengthen to avoid the misuse of Tusanqi. Key words: Pyrrolizidine alkaloids; Hepatic veno-occlusive disease; Drug-induced liver injury

Objective To investigate the effects of different therapeutic methods on borderline hypertension with metabolic syndrome patients. Methods Ninety borderline hypertension with metabolic syndrome patients were divided into three groups by random digits table with 30 cases: control group,conventional therapy group and intensive therapy group. The control group was given regular observation, the conventional therapy group took drug according to the disease situation; and the intensive therapy group not only formulated the aim of therapy, but also received diet control, sport therapy, healthy education and drug therapy. After 1 year's follow-up, the patients' changes were compared. Results After 1 year's follow-up,the levels of FPG, 2 h PG, 24 h mAlb and IMT were significantly increased(P ＜ 0.05 ), and the levels of other index had no significant changes (P＞ 0.05) in control group. The levels of FPG,2 h PG,TC and TG were significantly decreased and IMT was significantly increased (P ＜0.05), the levels of other index had no significant changes(P ＞ 0.05 ) in conventional therapy group. The levels of SBP, DBP, PP, FPG, 2 h PG, TC,TG,hs-CRP,24 h mAlb and HOMA-IR were significantly decreased and HDL-C, ABI were significantly increased (P ＜ 0.01 or ＜ 0.05 ) in intensive therapy group. After treatment, the levels of ABI and H DL-C were significantly higher and SBP, DBP, PP,TG, hs-CRP, 24 h mAlb, HOMA-IR, IMT were significantly lower in intensive therapy group than those in conventional therapy group (P ＜ 0.01 or ＜ 0.05 ). Conclusions Drug therapy is efficient in borderline hypertension with metabolic syndrome patients, and intensive therapy can obviously improve the insulin resistance, to control the developing of hypertension can delay the vascular Key words: Causality; Metabolic syndrome X; Borderline hypertension; Vascular disease

Presidential address: Vascular surgery and the Midwestern Vascular Surgical Society in the new millennium

Astragalus propinquus Schischkin and Panax notoginseng (A&P) compound relieved cisplatin-induced acute kidney injury through inhibiting the mincle maintained macrophage inflammation

Panax notoginseng (Burk) F. H. Chen, as traditional Chinese medicine, has a long history of high clinical value, such as anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidation, inhibition of platelet aggregation, regulation of blood glucose and blood pressure, inhibition of neuronal apoptosis, and neuronal protection, and its main ingredients are Panax notoginseng saponins (PNS). Currently, Panax notoginseng (Burk) F. H. Chen may improve mental function, have anti-insomnia and anti-depression effects, alleviate anxiety, and decrease neural network excitation. However, the underlying effects and the mechanisms of Panax notoginseng (Burk) F. H. Chen and its containing chemical constituents (PNS) on these depression-related or anxiety-related diseases has not been completely established. This review summarized the antidepressant or anxiolytic effects and mechanisms of PNS and analyzed network targets of antidepressant or anxiolytic actions with network pharmacology tools to provide directions and references for further pharmacological studies and new ideas for clinical treatment of nervous system diseases and drug studies and development. The review showed PNS and its components may exert these effects through regulating neurotransmitter mechanism (5-HT, DA, NE), modulation of the gamma-amino butyric acid (GABA) neurotransmission, glutamatergic system, hypo-thalamus-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), and its intracellular signaling pathways in the central nervous system; and produce neuronal protection by anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidation, or inhibition of neuronal apoptosis, or platelet aggregation and its intracellular signaling pathways. Network target analysis indicated PNS and its components also may have anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic effects, which leads to the preservation of brain nerves, and regulate the activity and secretion of nerve cells, exerting anti-depression and anxiolytic effects, which may provide new directions for further in-depth researches of related mechanisms.