Abstract
PurposeThis review article summarizes our current understanding of the mechanisms underlying acquired hearing loss from hospital-prescribed medications that affects as many as 1 million people each year in Western Europe and North America. Yet, there are currently no federally approved drugs to prevent or treat the debilitating and permanent hearing loss caused by the life-saving platinum-based anticancer drugs or the bactericidal aminoglycoside antibiotics. Hearing loss has long-term impacts on quality-of-life measures, especially in young children and older adults. This review article also highlights some of the current knowledge gaps regarding iatrogenic causes of hearing loss.ConclusionFurther research is urgently needed to further refine clinical practice and better ameliorate iatrogenic drug-induced hearing loss.
Highlights
This review article summarizes our current understanding of the mechanisms underlying acquired hearing loss from hospital-prescribed medications that affects as many as 1 million people each year in Western Europe and North America
Activation of TRP ankyrin 1 (TRPA1) by reactive oxygen species enhanced the cellular uptake of fluorescently tagged gentamicin (Stepanyan et al, 2011)
This suggests that endogenous signals during inflammation or noise can activate aminoglycoside-permeant transient receptor potential (TRP) channels cochlear stress to increase hair cell uptake of aminoglycosides (Goncalves et al, 2020; Kaewpitak et al, 2020)
Summary
Purpose: This review article summarizes our current understanding of the mechanisms underlying acquired hearing loss from hospital-prescribed medications that affects as many as 1 million people each year in Western Europe and North America. Ototoxins can cause kidney damage and associated renal dysfunction (i.e., nephrotoxicity; Humes, 1999; Jiang et al, 2017; Karasawa & Steyger, 2015) Adults that lose their exquisite sense of hearing invariably have diminished interactions via spoken language with loved ones, friends, and colleagues, and reduced awareness of environmental sounds with a corresponding loss of safety (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2004; Monson et al, 2019). Aminoglycoside-induced hearing loss is typically dose dependent (Wu et al, 2001). Cisplatin has recently been reported to dose-dependently induce loss of vestibular hair cells and vestibular function in preclinical models (Callejo et al, 2017).
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