Abstract
Summary: Eukaryotic cells contain organelles, such as plastids and mitochondria, that must divide during cell division to be inherited by progeny cells. Plastids and mitochondria probably arose by endosymbiosis of bacteria with a host cell. Several works suggested that division apparatuses formed by the host nuclear genome perform plastid and mitochondrial division. To understand the mechanism of plastid and mitochondrial division, we studied the architecture and the behavior of their division apparatuses, using synchronized organelles of the unicellular red alga Cyanidioschyzon merolae. A series of ultrastructural studies showed that division apparatuses of the plastid and the mitochondrion behave in a very similar manner. Further biochemical and immunocytochemical investigation about the plastid division apparatus showed that the FtsZ ring-based system, which originated from a plastid ancestor cyanobacteria, and the plastid-dividing ring-based system, which probably originated from host eukaryotic cells, form a complex and are involved in plastid division by distinct modes. In this reviezw, the mechanism of organellar division is discussed based on our current study and results by several approaches by other groups.
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