Abstract
We found that over-discharging (ODC) LiMn2O4-based lithium ion batteries (LIBs) generates H2 gas. To investigate the origin of the H2 gas, we performed isotope-labeling of the electrolyte in addition to physical and chemical analyses. ODC proved to destroy SEI films on the anode surface. Also, the volume of the ODC-induced gas increased with charge/discharge cycles, which we attribute to a thicker SEI with H atoms after the cycles. Our isotope-labeling experiment shows that the H2 is not derived from the electrolytes; rather, H-impurities in the cathode active material seem to be the H2 source.
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