MECHANISM OF COLLOIDAL COPPER/ COPPER OXIDE NANOPARTICLES MEDIATED BACTERICIDAL ACTIVITY AND ITS MULTI-DIMENSIONAL OUTLOOK IN FUTURE

Abstract

Copper oxide and colloidal copper nanoparticles have gained popularity as powerful antibacterial agents. These nanoparticles have recently shown promise in preventing the spread of antibiotic resistance, combating microbial diseases, and providing fresh approaches in a variety of fields. This thorough analysis explores the complex mechanisms behind the bactericidal action of copper oxide and colloidal copper nanoparticles, illuminating their multifaceted use and potential future uses. Due to their outstanding antibacterial qualities, colloidal copper and copper oxide nanoparticles have attracted a lot of attention in the domains of nanotechnology, materials science, and biomedicine. These nanoparticles have come to light as possible substitutes and additives in response to the growing concern over antibiotic resistance and the requirement for sustainable antibacterial solutions. The purpose of this review is to examine the multi-dimensional potential of copper oxide and colloidal copper nanoparticles in various applications and to clarify the mechanism underlying their bactericidal activity. Through mechanisms involving ROS production, cell membrane rupture, intracellular absorption, and antibacterial synergy, colloidal copper and copper oxide nanoparticles demonstrate strong bactericidal action. Their numerous uses include biomedicine, water filtration, food packaging, agriculture, and even possible antiviral properties. For their successful integration into diverse industries, it is essential to solve issues with biocompatibility, resistance, regulation, and scalability. These nanoparticles have the potential to revolutionise the fight against bacterial illnesses and contribute to a safer and more sustainable future with continued study and innovation.