Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is among the top three cancer with higher incident and mortality rate worldwide. It is estimated that about over than 1.1 million of death and 2.2 million new cases by the year 2030. The current treatment modalities with the usage of chemo drugs such as FOLFOX and FOLFIRI, surgery and radiotherapy, which are usually accompanied with major side effects, are rarely cured along with poor survival rate and at higher recurrence outcome. This trigger the needs of exploring new natural compounds with anti-cancer properties which possess fewer side effects. Curcumin, a common spice used in ancient medicine was found to induce apoptosis by targeting various molecules and signaling pathways involved in CRC. Disruption of the homeostatic balance between cell proliferation and apoptosis could be one of the promoting factors in colorectal cancer progression. In this review, we describe the current knowledge of apoptosis regulation by curcumin in CRC with regard to molecular targets and associated signaling pathways.
Highlights
Colorectal cancer (CRC) has been identified as the second leading cause of cancer death (832,000 deaths) worldwide with incidence estimation of 16.5 million [1] in 2015
The truncated Adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) proteins prevent the targeting of β-catenin for degradation, promote stabilization of nuclear β-catenin [48], and causes continuous activation of the Wnt pathway [30] which lead to disruption in the apoptotic machinery and progression of CRC
We describe the apoptosis regulation of curcumin emphasizing on the molecular targets and the underlying pathways involved in CRC
Summary
Colorectal cancer (CRC) has been identified as the second leading cause of cancer death (832,000 deaths) worldwide with incidence estimation of 16.5 million [1] in 2015. Gastrointestinal ulcerations, kidney damage [10], hearing loss and balance [7] [11,12,13], tumor resistance [14,15], hypertension, fatigue, hand-foot skin reaction, diarrhea [16], and nausea are the list of adverse side effects associated with the chemotherapy treatment This highlight the need for safer and effective approaches focusing on the discovery of new compounds among natural sources with chemotherapeutic properties. A bioactive compound which is found naturally as turmeric derivative is one of the most frequently used and widely researched phytochemical to have anti-cancer and chemopreventive activity [18] It was first isolated by Vogel in 1815 [19] with a molecular weight of 368.37 g/mol and C21H20O6 as its molecular formula [18]. Curcumin inhibits colorectal cancer stem cell growth through regulation of self-renewal associated signaling pathway, regulation of growth factor, epigenetic modification, cell cycle arrest, apoptosis, and regulation of structural integrity [26]
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