Mechanism of antibacterial effect for different venoms (Naja haje, Cerastes cerastes, Apis mellifera) on Staphylococcus aureus

Abstract

Abstract The overuse and misuse of antibiotic without going to doctor leading to antibiotic resistant strains that represent a serious problem in the field of health protection, Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) remains one of the main causes for hospital infections specially in the intensive care unit (ICU), so that many researches directed to natural products as alternative antibiotic drug, nowadays special attention towards venoms as (elapids, viprides, honey bee venom, etc….) which contain molecules with antibacterial properties such as phospholipase A2 (PLA2), L-amino acids (LAAO) and melittin. The present study aimed to evaluate in vitro and in vivo antibacterial effect of three different venoms the Egyptian Cobra (Naja haje), the horned viper (Cerastes cerastes) and honey bee (Apis mellifera) on S. aureus. There were tested in vitro by Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) test and disc diffusion method. In vivo evaluation was performed by infecting groups of mice by S. aureus, then treated with these three venoms and standard antibiotic. The hematological studied showed that effect on Hb and RBCs not all groups like others compared to control. Biochemical analysis of mice sera, liver enzymes alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and kidney function (urea and creatinine) as well as cardiac enzyme creatinine phosphokinase (CPK) showed that all treated and untreated groups in biochemical studies recorded a significant increase in all liver, kidney and cardiac functions. Histological examination illustrated that liver and kidney tissue in untreated group with inflammatory cells infiltration, degree of inflammation decrease in both N. haje and C. cerastes groups, while A. mellifera and antibiotic groups approximately normal in both mice liver and kidney.