Mechanical Solidarity in Maintaining Religious Tolerance

This study aims to investigate the factors that have played a key role in maintaining religious harmony in the city of Ambon, Maluku. Despite its history of sectarian conflicts in the past, Ambon managed to create an environment that supported inter-religious harmony. This research uses a qualitative approach with in-depth interviews and content analysis of relevant primary and secondary sources. The results showed that the history of harmony in Ambon became a strong foundation for building harmony today. Interfaith dialogue is regularly held, providing a platform for religious and community leaders to share understanding and celebrate diversity. The active involvement of the community in joint religious events is also a key element in forming unity amid differences. Inclusive religious education and the role of religious leaders in promoting the message of peace are significant factors in shaping tolerance among Ambonese people. An education system that introduces the values of tolerance early on helps create a generation that values diversity. Despite its success, the study also highlights the challenges Ambon faces in maintaining harmony, especially related to the impact of globalization and social change. However, the spirit of mutual cooperation and mutual commitment continues to be the main driver in efforts to maintain religious harmony in Ambon. This research contributes to our understanding of social dynamics and key factors that can support the development of a harmonious society amidst religious diversity. The implications of these findings can be used as a basis for the development of policies and programs that are more effective in maintaining religious harmony across a variety of social contexts.

Budget realization in each regional work unit cannot escape from the governance influence. One is the factors is human resource, especially the leader, who is required to have the organizational commitment, ethical leadership, and good governance. The purpose of this study is to determine the influence of organizational commitment, ethical leadership, and good governance on the performance of regional work unit in East Java provincial government. Data was obtained by distributing questionnaires to all leaders in the 60 regional work units of East Java Provincial Government. The dependent variable of this study is the performance of regional work unit and the independent variables are ethical leadership, organizational commitment, and good governance. Results showed that ethical leadership had no positive effect on the performance of regional work unit in East Java provincial government. Meanwhile, good governance and organizational commitment positively influenced the performance of regional work unit in East Java provincial government.

When the Cemetery Becomes Political: Dealing with the Religious Heritage in Multi-Ethnic Regions

The people of Mbawa Village, Donggo Subdistrict, Bima Regency, West Nusa Tenggara, consist of various monotheist religions, such as Islam, Catholicism and Protestantism. With a pluralistic background, the people of Mbawa Village are able to maintain a culture of tolerance that has been passed down by their ancestors. This research aims to explore and analyse the culture of interfaith tolerance in Mbawa Village, Bima Regency, West Nusa Tenggara. Mbawa Village is an example of a multicultural society inhabited by various religious groups that live side by side in harmony. The research method used is a qualitative approach with data collection techniques through in-depth interviews, participatory observation, and documentation studies. The results show that the culture of interfaith tolerance in Mbawa Village is reflected in various aspects of community life, such as religious rituals, customs, and daily interactions. Factors that support interfaith tolerance include the existence of social norms that respect diversity, positive interfaith interactions, and the role of religious leaders and community leaders in promoting peace and harmony. In addition, awareness of the importance of inter-religious harmony and a deep understanding of the teachings of each religion also strengthen the culture of tolerance in Mbawa Village. This research makes an important contribution to understanding the cultural dynamics of interfaith tolerance in multicultural societies, particularly in the West Nusa Tenggara region. The implications of these findings can serve as a reference for policy makers and related parties to develop more effective strategies in promoting peace and inter-religious harmony in Indonesia.

In many industries, especially in the quick-paced technological world, ethical leadership (EL) has become a crucial driver of company financial performance and competitive advantage. Senior management's behavior is vital in influencing organizational decision-making and accomplishing pre-set objectives. This study focuses on the organizational culture's mediating function as it explores the relationship between ethical leadership and the firm financial performance of non-financial enterprises in Bahrain. This study explores the complex relationship between behavioral leadership, organizational culture, and firm financial performance using a theoretical conceptual framework approach. Bahrain is the right setting for this inquiry because of its vibrant business community and wide variety of non-financial businesses. The importance of ethical leadership in overcoming obstacles while preserving ethical standards is influenced by the nation's advantageous geographic location, encouraging government policies, and technological investments. The main goal of the current study is to clarify how senior management's ethical leadership practices affect the financial performance of non-financial enterprises in Bahrain while taking organizational culture's mediating function into account. The study advances knowledge of how ethical leadership, organizational culture, and firm financial performance interact within Bahrain's socio-cultural and economic setting by investigating this interaction. This study contributes to the body of knowledge on ethical leadership in Bahraini non-financial organizations through thorough investigation guided by the theoretical framework. The importance of ethical leadership in overcoming obstacles while preserving ethical standards is influenced by the nation's advantageous geographic location, encouraging government policies, and technological investments. The main goal of the current study is to clarify how senior management's ethical leadership practices affect the financial performance of non-financial enterprises in Bahrain while taking organizational culture's mediating function into account. The study advances knowledge of how ethical leadership, organizational culture, and financial performance interact within Bahrain's socio-cultural and economic setting by investigating this interaction. This study contributes to the body of knowledge on ethical leadership in Bahraini non-financial organizations through thorough investigation guided by the theoretical framework. It offers understanding into how organizational culture and ethical leadership practices affect their financial performance. The research findings should have repercussions for academics and professionals, improving knowledge of behavioral leadership and the mediating function of corporate culture for accomplishing organizational success. By analyzing the effects of ethical leadership within the specific context of non-financial enterprises in Bahrain, this study will advance knowledge. The complicated relationships between ethical leadership, organizational culture, and financial performance are further understood by recognizing the mediating function of organizational culture. The originality of the current study is in providing a springboard for additional investigation into ethical leadership and its connection to corporate culture across many fields and industries. The current study's anticipated consequences include how its findings might be applied to improve leadership development, talent recruitment, and the creation of a healthy organizational culture. Organizations can link their business goals with ethical principles and gain a competitive advantage through the promotion of ethical leadership practices and the development of a supporting culture.

Teenagers in the present era become a portrait of the nation's future. Their inclusive religiosity determines the relationship between Indonesian religious people and the multicultural world community. However, teenagers are particularly vulnerable to the influence of various religious thoughts and practices of referral groups in the surrounding environment. Therefore, schools must be productive arenas in seeding inclusive religiousness as a condition for realising a harmonious life for religious people. This research is urgent to find a pattern of inclusive religious education that can develop religious tolerance in teenage students. This research was qualitative research with an ethnographic approach. The setting of this research was Public Senior Higher School in Yogyakarta. The results show that inclusive religious education patterns could encourage the growth of student religious tolerance, and students with different faiths can interact harmoniously and work together. Keywords: Inclusive education, religious, tolerance, teenagers.

Diversity and plurality are closely related fact with Indonesia. This plural society may generate two potential social conditions: harmonization and social conflicts. This study supports Talcott Parson’s Structural-Functional Theory that a good social system in a society, both structural and functional, could preserve harmonization between religions. This study aims to explore a socio-religious condition in Kampung Sawah Bekasi and Cigugur village by analyzing kinds of harmonization and religious living tolerance within the community and exploring each leader's effort to improve the harmonization and tolerance of religious living in a plural society. This study also used a phenomenologist qualitative method which used interviews, observation and documentation as data-gathering techniques. The research found that the harmonization and tolerance of Kampung Sawah Bekasi and Cibubur village community in religious living prevails with three main assets. They are social, cultural, and kinship. These harmonizations and tolerance of the community religious living in both places manifest in their good relationship, high social intimacy, tight brotherhood, high empathy, and helping each other because of kinship. It is also because of the efforts and the active role within the community from all levels, the community, the regional government and local figures. The role of religious leaders also enhanced these harmonizations and tolerance in both places in West Java as the controller, leader, facilitator and motivator. They helped each other to prioritize unity.

Salafiyah Islamic boarding schools (pesantren) as traditional Islamic educational institutions in Indonesia have a strategic role in preserving and transforming local wisdom values ​​to the younger generation. This study aims to analyze efforts to revitalize local wisdom values ​​in the Salafiyah Islamic boarding school education system in the modern era. This study uses a qualitative approach with a case study method in three Salafiyah Islamic boarding schools in East Java. Data collection techniques were carried out through participatory observation, in-depth interviews with kiai, ustadz, and students, and analysis of pesantren curriculum documents. The results show that the revitalization of local wisdom values ​​in Salafiyah Islamic boarding schools is implemented through the integration of yellow book learning with the local socio-cultural context, the application of the value system of tawadhu, ta'dzim, and ukhuwah in the daily lives of students, and the preservation of local traditions such as tahlilan, istighosah, and learning the art of hadrah. This revitalization faces challenges in the form of the influence of globalization, shifting values ​​among the younger generation, and limited resources. However, Salafiyah Islamic boarding schools are still able to maintain their identity through critical adaptation strategies that combine tradition with contemporary needs without losing the essence of their local values.

Contemporary labour market is characterized by quick changes of professional requirements. In addition to professional competences modern universities alumni also need soft skills. It is believed a higher institution itself cannot provide students with “soft skills” which help to effectively and harmoniously interact with different people. However there are many spheres of University students’ activity in the system of “students’ affairs” where they can use and practice these skills. Many researchers consider ethical leadership – an ability to be a moral authority for people - as an important component of “soft skills”. Ethical leadership may be developed spontaneously, but there exist some other mechanisms used in the higher education system. Such tools include the development of ethical leadership in the process of involving students into social activity - for instance, students’ government or volunteer work. We have analyzed ethical leadership development features of those involved in students’ government activity by using case analysis; as well as survey for those involved in the volunteer movement (sample - 38 team-leaders of Volunteers’ Center of FIFA World Cup 2018 in Russia™, host-city Saransk). One of the main features in developing the contemporary ethical leadership is a unique social environment which can be named a glocal one. In a University campus a person develops under the conditions of both global and local values. Ethical leader has to consider local traditions, values and norms, as well as global principles of responsible attitude to nature, future generations and people around them.

Purpose This study aims to explore the role of ethical leadership in managing organizational change within Bangladeshi organizations. It aims to analyze the current state of ethical leadership, assess its impact on employee trust and commitment, investigate its role in promoting transparency and accountability, evaluate the ethical implications of change initiatives and identify best practices for managing change effectively. Design/methodology/approach The research uses a qualitative approach using a phenomenological design, grounded in ethical leadership theory as the theoretical framework. Data were collected through purposive sampling of 18 participants divided into three focus groups, each with six members. The focus group discussions were used to gather in-depth insights into the participants’ perceptions and experiences regarding ethical leadership during organizational change. Findings The analysis revealed five main themes with related sub-themes. Key themes identified include the current state of ethical leadership, its influence on employee trust and commitment, its role in promoting transparency and accountability, ethical considerations in change initiatives, and best practices for effective change management. Sub-themes such as leadership practices, perceived integrity, trust building, communication quality, employee involvement, feedback systems, moral considerations, fairness, role modeling and support systems were prominent. Research limitations/implications The findings suggest that ethical leadership theory provides a strong framework for understanding leadership dynamics during organizational change. This study underscores the importance of trust, transparency, inclusivity and ethical decision-making in enhancing employee commitment and facilitating smoother transitions. Originality/value This research contributes to the literature on ethical leadership and change management by providing a focused analysis within the context of Bangladeshi organizations. It offers practical insights for fostering ethical leadership practices, emphasizing the need for leadership training, inclusivity and robust accountability mechanisms to effectively manage change. Future research should consider larger samples, mixed-methods approaches and the impact of cultural factors for broader generalizability.

This study explores the ethical challenges and significance of ethical leadership in tourism and accommodation businesses. Recognizing the pivotal role of the tourism sector in economic development and global entrepreneurship, the research highlights the critical need for sustainability and social responsibility. Ethical leadership, characterized by guiding moral principles and fostering a positive organizational climate, is identified as a key factor in enhancing employee satisfaction, reducing turnover, and improving corporate reputation. The research aims to examine the interplay between ethical issues and leadership in the tourism and accommodation sectors, emphasizing the importance of sustainable practices and proposing a framework for ethical leadership. The study employs a comprehensive literature review to identify ethical concerns and assess the impact of ethical leadership. It incorporates insights from interdisciplinary research and theoretical frameworks, including social learning theory and organizational behavior models. Ethical leadership emerges as an essential component for addressing challenges such as environmental impacts, social responsibilities, marketing ethics, and workforce issues. The findings indicate that ethical leadership fosters sustainable practices, enhances employee commitment and performance, and supports responsible tourism development. The study underscores the necessity of embedding ethical leadership in tourism and accommodation sectors to promote long-term sustainability and stakeholder trust. It highlights the need for an ethical framework encompassing leadership, data management, marketing ethics, and corporate social responsibility. Further investigation is encouraged to develop practical applications of ethical leadership, explore its cross-cultural dimensions, and integrate ethical considerations into tourism and hospitality education curricula. This research could provide actionable strategies for advancing ethical practices in the sector.

Purpose – This study explores the role of Islamic early childhood educators in fostering tolerance awareness in educational settings while maintaining a strong Islamic identity. It addresses the tension between promoting religious exclusivity and fostering an appreciation for diversity in a pluralistic society, with the aim to contribute to both educational practice and theory on religious tolerance in early education. Design/methods/approach – The study employs a qualitative descriptive exploratory design using content analysis. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews with five teachers and observations of classroom interactions. The diversity management framework was used to analyze the approaches taken by teachers in integrating tolerance education within Islamic curricula. Findings – The research highlights various strategies Islamic educators use to promote tolerance, including storytelling, empathy training, and participatory rule-making. The findings reveal a balance between religious identity and tolerance education, with a sequential approach that prioritizes Islamic principles first, followed by the introduction of tolerance concepts. Despite challenges, such as external influences and technological distractions, the research demonstrates that these strategies positively impact children’s empathy and social behaviors. Research implications/limitations – The study is limited by the sample size and geographic scope, focusing on specific Islamic early childhood institutions. Future research could expand the sample and explore cross-cultural comparisons in different Islamic educational contexts to generalize findings. Practical implications – The findings provide valuable insights for educators, policymakers, and curriculum developers in balancing religious teachings and tolerance education. The study suggests that gradual and integrated approaches to teaching tolerance can foster social harmony and empathy in young children without compromising religious values. Originality/value – This research contributes to the body of knowledge on Islamic education by offering a nuanced understanding of how tolerance can be embedded in early childhood education while maintaining religious integrity. It introduces the concept of sequential tolerance education, which integrates religious principles with empathy and respect for diversity in Islamic settings. Paper type Research paper

In the ever-evolving educational landscape, ethical leadership is an important topic that affects not only academic achievement, but also teachers’ well-being and job satisfaction. This study was conducted to examine the influence of the principal’s ethical leadership practices on the work culture and interaction between teachers in a national secondary school in Malaysia. This is not only important to understand the dynamics of leadership in education but also to explore how such leadership affects the daily interactions of teachers and collaboration in organizations. By taking a qualitative case study approach and using a structured interview method, three teachers from three three different secondary schools through carefully planned interview questions. It in indicates that the study was conducted to explore teachers’ opinions and experiences, as well as evaluate how ethical leadership of principals affects their daily interactions with colleagues and influences cooperation between teachers in shaping the work culture in schools. Interview data were analyzed inductively using open coding to identify emerging themes. Findings show that the principal’s ethical leadership practices such as transparency in decision-making, emphasizing the value of integrity and an inclusive approach have positively influenced the interaction among teachers . Teachers report improvements in communication, mutual support and collaboration when principals adopt the approach. Overall, the principal’s ethical leadership was found to play an important role in creating a harmonious work culture in the school through practices such as transparent decision-making, giving autonomy to teachers, and promoting the value of integrity. This study concludes that there is a significant influence between the principal’s ethical leadership practices and the improvement of a positive work culture that is reflected through the interaction and cooperation between teachers in the school.

This study aims to determine the public's perception of religious radicalism and the role of religious leaders in anticipating religious radicalism in Mpunda District, Bima City. This study uses a qualitative approach with the type of research is descriptive. This research was conducted in Mpunda District, Bima City for one month, the subjects of this research were the people in Mpunda District, Bima City, and the research informants were government officials, community leaders, and religious leaders. Data collection techniques used in this study were observation, structured interviews, and documentation. To analyze the data using 3 methods according to Miles and Huberman, including data reduction (Data Reduction), data presentation (Data Display), Verification/Conclusion Drawing. The results showed that people's perceptions of religious radicalism: (1) Religious radicalism arises because of a lack of understanding of religion, (2) The view that only Islam adheres to radical movements is wrong because radicalism can potentially be carried out by all religions. The role of religious leaders in anticipating religious radicalism is to provide counseling to the public about the dangers of radicalism.

This study aims to understand the critical role of religious leaders in Islamic education so that people understand that something they learn will be helpful in their lives in this world and the hereafter so that they will not feel a loss in learning and applying Islam in their lives. This research uses a case study research method with a qualitative approach. Researchers conducted intensive interviews, involvement observations, and collection of documentation as data mining directly in the field and analyzed by describing events in the field. This study found that the role of religious leaders as leaders in carrying out Islamic religious education is carried out through example, practice and action, ibrah and advice, dialogue, and non-formal coaching and management. This research has implications for the importance of example, practice, deeds, ibrah and advice, dialogue in managing non-formal educational institutions.