Abstract
Osteoarthritis is a debilitating disease that affects hundreds of millions of people worldwide. Current research involving growth and characterization of adipose derived stromal cells (ADSC) in vitro offers a potential solution for the treatment of cartilage de-fects that will allow patients to return to the physical activities they were involved in. Studies have shown that fibroblast cells grown in vitro respond to cyclic mechanical stretching by orienting in a direction perpendicular to the direction of stretch. ADSCs were isolated from human peripatellar adipose tissue discards. Cells were cultured until confluent and seeded at a density of approximately 105 cells in silicone wells pretreated with ProNectin-F Plus. After stret-ching, relative alignment of the cells was ascertained using imaging software. Stretching cells for 3, 4, 8 and 12 hours resulted in noticeable cellular alignment of approximately 60? relative to the direction of loading. Cell alignment is crucial for developing tis-sue-engineered cartilage that has similar mechanical properties to native cartilage. Mechanically loading cells is one method to achieve cell alignment. Since cell differentiation will be initiated after alignment, the resulting chondrocytes will be aligned, leading to organized collagen formation and resulting in a hya-line-like cartilage structure.
Highlights
Cartilage defects inevitably lead to osteoarthritis which is a debilitating disease that affects hundreds of millions of people worldwide [1]
A successful strategy for regeneration of hyaline articular cartilage requires a technique which facilitates the formation of cartilage tissue with cells and collagen that are stratified through the section of the cartilage and oriented in the directions observed in native articular cartilage
This study was conducted to determine whether the alignment of adipose derived stromal cells (ADSC) could be changed when subjected to cyclic mechanical stretching
Summary
Cartilage defects inevitably lead to osteoarthritis which is a debilitating disease that affects hundreds of millions of people worldwide [1]. Extension of focal defect repair strategies using adult stem cells instead of chondrocytes shows promise in the treatment of small and large cartilage defects and the potential for developing resurfacing strategies for patients with extensive damage due to early stages of osteoarthritis. Success in a preliminary study that used adipose derived stromal cells placed into the joints of an animal model [15,16] suggested that this cell population was ideally suited for use in a technique that could be developed to regenerate hyaline articular cartilage in large cartilage defects. The goal of this study was to determine whether adult stromal cells extracted from adipose tissue could be aligned by cyclically loading the cells to a specific strain at a specific frequency and a given time duration. A secondary goal was to determine how long this cell population remained aligned following loading
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