Abstract
Ambient and cryogenic surface mechanical attrition treatments (SMAT) are applied to bcc iron plate. Both processes result in significant surface grain refinement down to the ultrafine-grained regime; the cryogenic treatment results in a 45% greater grain size reduction. However, the refined region is shallower in the cryogenic SMAT process. The tensile ductility of the grain size gradient remains low (<10%), in line with the expected behavior of the refined surface grains. Good tensile ductility in a grain size gradient requires the continuation of the gradient into an undeformed region.
Highlights
Numerous reports exist indicating an order of magnitude increase in strength is possible in metals and alloys that exhibit grain sizes approaching the lower limit of nanocrystallinity
We look at the effects of cryogenic and ambient surface mechanical attrition treatments (SMAT) processing on the microstructure and mechanical properties of iron
Reduction in grain size with respect to the ambient [16], the cryogenic SMAT iron followed the same trend of higher grain refinement than the ambient SMAT treatment, but to a lesser extent
Summary
Numerous reports exist indicating an order of magnitude increase in strength is possible in metals and alloys that exhibit grain sizes approaching the lower limit of nanocrystallinity. It has been shown that differences in processing methods can greatly affect both the overall structures (e.g., depth of refined region and “slope” of the grain size gradient) and the individual microstructures (e.g., surface grain size [16], deformation artifacts within grain size regions [16,17]). It was noted by Tao et al [17] in their work introducing SMAT that finer grains would be expected with plastic deformation at lower temperatures. We look at the effects of cryogenic and ambient SMAT processing on the microstructure and mechanical properties of iron
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