Abstract
The present study describes the development and validation of an instrument to measure defensive reactions individuals display in difficult dialogues while exploring privileged identities and interacting across difference. The increased focus on difficult dialogues when exploring privileged social identities in educational environments points to a need for the Privileged Identity Exploration Scale (PIE-S). The Privileged Identity Exploration Model (PIE) (Watt, College Student Affairs Journal., 2007, 26, 114–126; Watt et al., Counselor Education and Supervision., 2009, 49, 86–105) identifies eight defensive reactions. Using exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis, we identified and confirmed four constructs of privileged identity exploration that students exhibit when interacting across social differences, the PIE Scale (PIE-S). We provide a brief overview of the development of the PIE-S, as well as future directions for research and applications to training and facilitation in various educational settings.
Highlights
Higher education and student affairs professionals coordinate and implement programs with attempts to foster constructive social interactions (Torres et al, 2012; Watt, 2012)
We explore the relationship between a subset of social identity characteristics on defensive reactions to triangulate findings from previous qualitative work on Privileged Identity Exploration Model (PIE)
We describe the development and validation of the Privileged Identity Exploration Scale (PIE-S) as a tool and framework to measure students’ defensive reactions when exploring their privileged identity
Summary
Higher education and student affairs professionals coordinate and implement programs with attempts to foster constructive social interactions (Torres et al, 2012; Watt, 2012). These experiences afford students the opportunity to recognize and understand the social and privileged identities that may exist within themselves and how these identities inform interactions with difference. Privileged identities are socially constructed identities linked to historically to aspects of social or political advantages in a society (Case et al, 2012). Privileged identities might include any socially constructed identity that has advantages, for instance, racial (White), sexual (Heterosexual), gender (cis-gender Male), religious (Christian), and/or ability (Able-bodied) identities. This study describes the development and validation of an instrument to measure defensive reactions individuals display in difficult dialogues while exploring privileged identities and interacting across difference
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