Measuring divergence in migration-related terminology between EU legal discourse and press articles in English and French

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With the globalization, people communicate with each other more frequently and extensively. Whatever the oral or written form, the culture, especially the thinking pattern has a great effect on the communication. Language reflects our thinking and thinking can be expressed on different language form. Based on the previous study on different thinking patterns.

This research is devoted to revealing the features of the modern British judicial discourse. In many ways, the modern legal discourse seems limitless. The scientific novelty is the comparison of the points of convergence of the British and French legal judicial discourse. In England, as in France, professional legal discourse uses professional vocabulary and a high language register. In addition, there is a tendency in the legal discourse of these countries to attach special importance to certain commonly used words. The presence of French terms is reminiscent of the role played by the Norman conquests in the development of English law. However, the specificity of the legal discourse in England is undeniable: not only its own concepts are developed in Common Law, but also through a multi-faceted and personalized discourse, which is not alien to the figurative form of expression, a pragmatic approach to the system of law is reflected, based not on an abstract code, but on inductive judgments. Thus, the English legal discourse is an emanation of the state foundations and cultural characteristics of England. The relevance of the study is explained by the growing interest in the study of language as a socio-cultural phenomenon of the era of globalization and the increasing importance of proficiency in a professionally-oriented language around the world.

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The article is devoted not only to value judgments, but also to the issue of forming an assessment of the addressee in legal defense discourse. Legal defense discourse is understood in this study as a set of communicative practices of a lawyer aimed at resolving legal disputes during court sessions, which are regulated by law and norms of interaction within the contextual boundaries of time and place. The topicality of the present paper is determined by the need to expand the knowledge of the axiological features and patterns of linguistic mechanisms that form the basis of legal discourse in general and defensive speeches in particular. The aim of the article is to reveal and describe the ways of features of assessment formation in the defense speeches of English-speaking lawyers in the English legal discourse. The material of the study is the English-speaking lawyers’ legal defense speeches of the early 20s of the XXI century. The research was conducted with general scientific methods and techniques of material selection and systematization as well as types of analyzing language phenomena (communicative-pragmatic, contextual analysis, discourse analysis). Besides being clear and trying to avoid ambiguity in his speech a lawyer presents considerations to the court in favor of the defendant only; he often makes great efforts to look, for new means of speech influence in order to provoke a positive attitude towards the defendant. Having analyzed the linguistic material, the author finds and describes axiological components that expand the subject of discussion in the tactics used by English-speaking lawyers (tactics of targeted influence, tactics of indirect rhetorical influence and tactics of abstract influence), mainly with the help of expressive means (metaphors, epithets, phraseology and so on) while visualizing the necessary association in the addressee.

This chapter explores if-conditionals in English, French and Spanish legal discourse, responding to the scarcity of cross-linguistic studies on conditionals in this genre. In particular, I examine conditionals in courtroom and parliamentary discourse on the basis of corpus evidence from various sources, proposing a cognitive-functional approach that looks at both prototypical and less prototypical uses of conditionality. The findings from the corpus analysis indicate that conditionals in legal discourse are primarily used to express canonical conditions but also function, to a lesser extent, as interpersonal and textual devices. Results also suggest that modal verbs, highly present in these constructions, have different uses depending on the function expressed by the clause.

Although the term ‘discourse’ has been defined by many researchers in linguistics, it still remains an abstract concept. This is because there are different views on discourse and text, discourse and language, and discourse and speech oppositions, and the study of this problem in linguistics is of a particular importance. Besides linguistics, ‘discourse’ is also studied in sociology, anthropology, philosophy, and other fields as the primary research object of social theories. And this requires an interdisciplinary study of this issue. Today discourse is considered in the framework of Forensic linguistics, which connects jurisprudence and linguistics, and the disclosure of the linguistic and extralinguistic features of legal discourse is one of the main goals and objectives of this field. Institutional discourse, which differs from colloquial discourse in terms of direction, speech constraints, structure, purpose, and other characteristics, it is divided into political, administrative, religious, advertising, and other subtypes. Legal discourse, which is a type of institutional discourse, manifests itself as a statutory institutional dialogue and involves its participants, namely the judge-defendant-lawyer-prosecutor- witness, and so on. This article defines legal discourse as the object of research, and before the author writes about the development of this discourse, she describes the use of discourse as a linguistic term, its typology, legal discourse, and its peculiarities. Moreover, the research article examines the English and Uzbek legal discourse within specific periods and provides the legal language and terms that are actively employed in each period. The study aims to compare the periodic formation of the English and Uzbek legal discourse, as well as to present the changes and differences in the legal language and terminology over the centuries and to illustrate them with examples. To this end, the opinions of various linguists and lawyers, and many historical sources have been provided and scientifically substantiated.

Aims: The purpose of the study was to assess the content relevance of Gender-based Violence (GBV) news articles in Tanzanian newspapers on reducing the problem. The study applied Agenda setting theory (McCombs and Shaw, 1972) as a leading theory complemented by the Priming theory (Iyengar, Peters, and Kender, 1982) and Framing theory (Gregory Bateson, 1972). Study Design: The study adopted a triangulation approach where both quantitative and qualitative methods and tools were applied. The study was conducted between September 2022 and January 2023 in six regions of Tanzania Mainland (Dodoma, Iringa, Kigoma, Mtwara, Mwanza, and Tanga) and two main Islands of Zanzibar (Unguja and Pemba). Methodology: The study was cross-sectional and applied a triangulation approach whereby both qualitative and quantitative research methods were applied in data collection, analysis, and reporting. It involved 161 respondents and 297 copies of five daily newspapers for data. Findings: From the study, it was revealed that GBV content had little relevance. It was scarcely reported; that was, only 2% of GBV articles out of 14,618 were identified. There was also a significant variation in GBV reporting between newspapers - the highest percentage of articles in newspapers was 0.76% and the lowest was 0.06%. In addition, the study revealed sexual violence was reported more frequently 36% and psychological violence less frequently 11%. Furthermore, Kiswahili newspapers carried 80% of all GBV articles compared to 20% of English newspapers. GBV articles were geographically relevant but were not enough to motivate respondents to read newspapers. Hence the majority of the respondents 52% were not satisfied with the usefulness of GBV issues reported in newspapers. Conclusion: The study concluded that most of the contents of GBV articles in the Tanzanian newspapers had little relevance and thus low contribution to reducing GBV in the country. It was therefore recommended that media houses/outlets should think of establishing special GBV reporting desks, investing in investigative reporting of GBV, and considering the recruitment of specialized GBV editors and reporters.

Cohesion and coherence are inseparable features of any text and discourse. There are several grammatical and lexical devices by which cohesion can be reached. Conjunction is one of them and it is assigned to the intermediate — lexico-grammatical category. Usage of conjunctions and other connecting words for expressing the logic-semantic relations in different languages can vary due to different reasons. One of them is the common norms of a language and certain types of discourse that are not necessarily equally settled among languages. The analysis has been based on the purposeful selection of the scientific (linguistic) English (3articles — 28815 words) and Lithuanian (10 articles — 29421 word) articles. In order to count the average value of the units of the conjunctive relations in the articles, the quantitative measurements have been performed. The investigation of such issues requires performing an interlanguage analysis of these elements, which has shown such general trends: within the English academic discourse additive conjunction has had the largest expansion, and organizational conjunction — the smallest; conjunctive devices have been used less frequently in Lithuanian research articles; the largest index of variety of connectives in both languages belongs to additive conjunction, the lowest diversity has been demonstrated by adversative conjunctions. The analysis of connectives found in English and Lithuanian research articles has led to some certain conclusions about their use preferences in the field of linguistic academic discourse. It has been revealed that the constitutional conjunctions is the biggest (42 %) and the most variable group of all cohesion relations both in English and Lithuanian articles. The opposing conjunctions of the semantic subgroup in the English articles (27 %) is bigger than in the Lithuanian (14 %) ones. The conjunctions of reason comprise 33 % in the Lithuanian and 17 % in the English texts. The scientific discourse of both languages has expletive means of the sentence conjunctions that make the text coherent and logical.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5755/j01.sal.0.20.1188

Abstract. Introduction. Teaching professionally oriented scientific writing to MA students of linguistic specialities proves to be a necessary and complicated step to develop the students’ ability to take an active role in international research in their professional field, which is the testimony of effective integration of the Ukrainian educational system\ninto the European Higher Education Area. One of the relevant genres to teach the MA students is the scientific article, and developing the corresponding methodology calls for the deep analysis of the scientific article’s structural and stylistic characteristics. Thus the present research is due to serve the essential prerequisite for the methodology of teaching professionally oriented scientific writing. Purpose. The purpose of this research is defining the structural and stylistic characteristics of scientific articles in English, which pertain to the subject aspect of the content issues of professionally oriented scientific writing teaching methodology for future teachers of English. Methods. The author explores the most significant characteristics of the modern scientific discourse in English: the typical features of the scientific functional style, the classification of substyles in the scientific functional style framework, the genre paradigm of scientific discourse for the scientific substyle. The author also suggests the linguistic analysis of the genre markers of scientific articles in English. Results. The analysis of compositional characteristics of scientific articles in English covers the seven obligatory structural elements. The analysis of stylistic characteristics in this respect provides a variety of typical means to express the promotional author strategies on lexical and grammatical levels. The article also displays the analysis of headlines of scientific articles in English; this gives the idea that the headlines are realized in six structural-syntactic models and nine author promotional strategies.

Illegitimate Online Newspaper Representations of the Chaplaincy Program

The article discusses mass media discourse and provides the author’s typology of discursive formats of knowledge. The coding features of the mass media discursive format of knowledge in two multilingual publications, the French newspaper “Le Monde” and the Russian publication “Rossiyskaya Gazeta” are revealed. The author’s algorithm for encoding the mass media discursive format of knowledge, consisting of seven stages, is proposed. Projecting the author’s coding algorithm onto articles in French and Russian newspapers revealed: 1) the number of articles in the “Culture” heading, the “Art” subheading in the publication “Rossiyskaya Gazeta” is five times greater than the number of articles in the newspaper “Le Monde” in the corresponding heading “Culture”, subsection “Art”, for the same period; 2) the number of coded components prevails in the titles of articles in a Russianlanguage newspaper; 3) among the coded components, proxemes prevail in the articles of both newspapers.

The Dispersion of Egyptian Jewry: Culture, Politics, and the Formation of a Modern Diaspora. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1998. xii, 329 pp. @T2first: During the past three decades, several major scholarly studies and personal accounts of Egyptian Jewry have been published in Europe, Israel, and the United States. The most noted scholarly publications include Jacob M. Landau, Jews in Nineteenth Century Egypt (New York: New York University Press, 1969); Gudrun Kramer, The Jews in Modern Egypt, 1914–1952 (Seattle: University of Washington Press, 1989); Michael M. Laskier, The Jews of Egypt, 1920–1970: In the Midst of Zionism, Anti-Semitism and the Middle East Conflict (New York: New York University Press, 1992); Yoram Meital, 'Atarim yehudiyim be-Miṣrayim (Jerusalem: The Ben-Zvi Institute, 1995); Zvi Zohar , Tradition and Change: Halachic Response of Middle Eastern Rabbis to Legal and Technological Changes [Egypt and Syria, 1880–1920]. [Hebrew] (Jerusalem: The Ben-Zvi Institute, 1993); and Yosef Algamil, Pirqei Tuvia ben Simḥa Levi Babovitch: 'Aḥaron ḥakhmei ha-kara'im be-Miṣrayim, 2 vols. (Ramlah: Center for Karaite Jewry, 1998). Some of the best personal accounts are Maurice Mizrahi, L'Egypte et ses Juifs: Le Temps revolu, xixe–xxe siecles (Geneva: Imprimerie Avenir, 1977); Yitzhaq Gormezano-Goren, Blanche [Hebrew] (Tel-Aviv: Am Oved, 1987); Jacqueline Kahanoff Mi-mizrah. shemesh (Tel-Aviv: Yariv Hadar, 1978); Ronit Matalon, Zeh ‘im ha-panim 'eleynu (Tel-Aviv: Am Oved, 1995); Rachel Maccabi, Mitzrayim sheli (Tel-Aviv: Sifriyat ha-Poalim, 1968); and Andre Aciman, Out of Egypt (New York: Farrar Strauss Giroux, 1994). Joel Beinin's book is the product of several years of research in Israel, Egypt, France, and the United States, in which he consulted not only books but also newspaper articles in English, French, Arabic, and Hebrew, as well as archives, among them the YIVO Institute records; the Haganah, Ha-Shomer ha-Tsa‘ir, and the Central Zionist archives (Israel); the Jamie Lehmann Memorial Collection of Yeshiva University (containing the records of the Cairo community); and the U.S. National Archives . He also interviewed Egyptian Jews and non-Jews.

Automated text classification of opinion vs. news French press articles. A comparison of transformer and feature-based approaches

A pre-trained language model-based framework for deduplication of construction safety newspaper articles Abhipraay Nevatia , Soukarya Saha , Sundar Balarka Bhagavatula , Nikhil Bugalia Pages 387-394 (2023 Proceedings of the 40th ISARC, Chennai, India, ISBN 978-0-6458322-0-4, ISSN 2413-5844) Abstract: The unavailability of Occupational Health and Safety (OHS) statistics for the construction sector is a systemic hurdle in improving safety, particularly for developing countries. Alternatively, online newspaper articles are deemed a potential source for OHS statistics. Machine Learning (ML) approaches for text-mining are deemed essential for the resource-intensive processing of news articles. However, the previous literature applying ML for newspaper articles has been scarce, and tasks, such as removing duplicate articles, have not been addressed satisfactorily. To address the research gap, the current study develops and evaluates a novel framework based on pre-trained language models for the deduplication tasks for construction safety-related news articles. The study relies on the Question and Answering (QA) ability of the Longformer model pre-trained on Stanford QA Dataset (SQUAD) to identify the date and location of the construction accidents from the news articles. A combination of date and location is used as a key for deduplicating news articles that refer to the same accidents. The comparative performance of the developed framework is evaluated on 141 accident articles systematically extracted from 7 months of construction-relevant news articles in India. With an accuracy of more than 90%, the proposed method outperforms other methods for date identification. The performance of the deduplication process based on Longformer, i.e., F1 score of 0.79, is comparable to the Cosine similarity-based approaches. However, compared to the commonly adopted Cosine similarity-based method, the newly developed method in this study is reliable and consistent for periodically processing large quantities of unlabeled datasets. Keywords: Construction safety, News Articles, Machine Learning, BERT, Longformer, Deduplication DOI: https://doi.org/10.22260/ISARC2023/0053 Download fulltext Download BibTex Download Endnote (RIS) TeX Import to Mendeley Presentation Video: https://youtu.be/HPFePiJ9vfk