Abstract
To obtain reaction zone parameters for several high explosives, experimental measurements of the detonation wave profiles in HMX-, RDX- and PETN-based explosives were performed using photon Doppler velocimetry (PDV). Planar detonations were produced by impacting the explosive with a sapphire flyer in a gas gun. Particle velocity wave profiles were measured at the explosive/window interface. LiF windows with very thin vapor-deposited aluminum mirrors were used for experiments. All measurements show a distinct end to the reaction zone, indicating a Chapman-Jouguet (CJ) point. For HMX-based explosives, the presented measurements show that the fast reaction time is approximately 10±2 ns, whereas for RDX- and PETN-based explosives, the values are 14±3 ns and 7±2 ns, respectively. The reaction times or reaction zone lengths obtained in the present study are smaller than previously reported data but much closer to the estimated values in theory. Additionally, the velocity at the Von Neumann (VN) spike was analyzed using the “beat cycles” method, and the pressure at the VN spike was obtained.
Highlights
Detonation with a limited reaction zone in high explosives is usually described by the classical Zel’dovich-Von NeumannDoring (ZND) model
The ZND model indicates that the pressure and particle velocity decrease between the spike and CJ states, even though energy is being released by the chemical reactions in this region
Measurements of the pressure and particle velocities of the Von Neumann (VN) and CJ states and global chemical reaction rates behind the detonation front provide data that form the basis of reactive burn models
Summary
Detonation with a limited reaction zone in high explosives is usually described by the classical Zel’dovich-Von NeumannDoring (ZND) model. The ZND model indicates that the pressure and particle velocity decrease between the spike and CJ states, even though energy is being released by the chemical reactions in this region. Measurements of the pressure and particle velocities of the Von Neumann (VN) and CJ states and global chemical reaction rates behind the detonation front provide data that form the basis of reactive burn models. The best reaction zone measurements have been obtained with the laser velocity interferometry technique. In this method, a window with a thin reflective metallic coating is placed in contact with the explosive. This study is an application of the photon Doppler velocimetry (PDV) interferometer technique to the study of several plastic-bonded explosive reaction zones
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