Abstract
A measuring complex of spectral instrumentation for examination of the ingredient composition, optical characteristics and microstructure of the dispersed phase of the combustion products of energy fuels and atmospheric anthropogenic emissions is discussed. The measuring complex includes a multi-pass cell with external and internal electric heating, which makes it possible to change the temperature of the radiation propagation medium in a multi-pass cell in the temperature range of 300–800 K, in the pressure range of 1*102 ≤ P ≤ 3*106 Pa with optical path L = 2, 4, 6, ... 30 m. Registration of spectra is performed by an upgraded spectrometer IKS-31 with interchangeable sources and radiation receivers, interchangeable diffraction gratings and cut-off light filters, interchangeable quartz windows, CaF2, LiF, MgF2, IKS-25, KRS-5, ensuring their operation in the spectral region of 0.2–100 μm with the spectral resolution limit Δν = 0.2 cm-1. The measuring complex has a complete metrological assurance. The obtained data on the spectral dependences of the effective cross sections for absorption, scattering, and attenuation of radiation are used to restore the microstructure of the dispersed phase of the combustion products. The atmospheric emissions of combustion products of wood, industrial energy, air carriers, decomposition products of asbestos-cement slabs during their calcinations were analyzed.
Highlights
Natural and anthropogenic emissions into the atmosphere during the operation of power plants at the power engineering enterprises, transport, and combustion products of vegetation already affect the radiation heat exchange in the atmosphere, the weather and the climate of the Earth, the temporal trends of which are already apparent [1,2]
Information on the composition of the combustion products of energy fuels is required for calculation of radiative heat exchange in the combustion chambers of power engineering plants
The need to develop a heated working chamber arose due to the need to measure the multicomponent composition of combustion products, which include volatile and nonvolatile components in normal atmospheric conditions with condensation temperatures ranging from 30 to 150, as well as the ash fraction of the dispersed phase
Summary
Natural and anthropogenic emissions into the atmosphere during the operation of power plants at the power engineering enterprises, transport, and combustion products of vegetation already affect the radiation heat exchange in the atmosphere, the weather and the climate of the Earth, the temporal trends of which are already apparent [1,2]. The need to develop a heated working chamber arose due to the need to measure the multicomponent composition of combustion products, which include volatile and nonvolatile components in normal atmospheric conditions with condensation temperatures ranging from 30 to 150 , as well as the ash fraction of the dispersed phase. The analytical laboratory was tested when measuring the composition of the combustion products of automotive fuel, pine timber combustion products in model fire tests in combustion chambers [3,4,5], in fullscale fire tests of a fragment of the PLASTBAU building [6] In the latter case, the measurements were performed during the entire fire period with full control of the temperature field reconstructed from thermocouple readings, at sampling points and in the vicinity of the firing experiment. Based on the data of spectrometric measurements, 34 optically active ingredients have been found and identified, most of which are volatile and heavy nonvolatile hydrocarbons
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