Abstract
The measurement of flow properties of liquid metals, such as flow rate, flow structure and gas distribution, is a challenging task due to the opaqueness, the high temperatures (e. g. 1500 °C for liquid steel or liquid silicon) and the corrosiveness of those fluids. In this paper, a short review about the recent developments of measurement techniques in the framework of the Helmholtz Alliance Liquid Metal Technologies (LIMTECH) is presented. It focuses on the development of contactless inductive measurement techniques exploiting the high electrical conductivity of those melts. These measurement techniques include the contactless inductive flow tomography (CIFT), which is able to reconstruct the mean three-dimensional velocity structure in liquid melts, local Lorentz force velocimetry (local LFV), which enables the local assessment of flows close to the wall, and inductive methods for bubble detection, which are based on mutual inductance tomography (MIT). Additionally, a short overview of contactless inductive flow rate measurement techniques is given. Furthermore, an ultrasound technique called ultrasound transit-time technique (UTTT) will be presented which enables the measurement of position and size of bubbles in large vessels.
Highlights
In many industrial applications, flow properties of hot liquid metals play an important role for the processes
A short review about the recent developments of measurement techniques in the framework of the Helmholtz Alliance Liquid Metal Technologies (LIMTECH) is presented. It focuses on the development of contactless inductive measurement techniques exploiting the high electrical conductivity of those melts. These measurement techniques include the contactless inductive flow tomography (CIFT), which is able to reconstruct the mean three-dimensional velocity structure in liquid melts, local Lorentz force velocimetry, which enables the local assessment of flows close to the wall, and inductive methods for bubble detection, which are based on mutual inductance tomography (MIT)
The flow structure of liquid steel in the mold plays an important role for the quality of the product, because it influences the forming of surface defects and inclusions [2]
Summary
Flow properties of hot liquid metals play an important role for the processes. Ultrasound can be used to measure the trajectory and the size of bubbles by means of the ultrasound transit-time technique (UTTT) [6] The advantage of this technique is the applicability to a large fluid volume, while radiation based techniques, such as neutron [7] or X-ray radiography [8], are limited regarding the thickness of the vessel due to the high attenuation of the rays by the liquid metal. The first induction principle can be exploited for level or bubble detection and is the key principle of the mutual inductance tomography (MIT), which is able to detect the conductivity distribution in one cross section of a pipe [9] The latter one can be used to measure flow rate like the phase shift flow meter [10] or the Lorentz force velocimetry (LFV) [11]. The paper is concluded with a short description of a new level measurement system (see section 7)
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