Abstract
Quantum manipulation technology and photoelectric detection technology have jointly facilitated the rapid development of ultra-sensitive atomic spin magnetometers. To improve the output signal and sensitivity of the spin-exchange-relaxation-free (SERF) atomic spin magnetometer, the noises influencing on the output signal and the sensitivity were analyzed, and the corresponding noise suppression methods were presented. The magnetic field noises, including the residual magnetic field noise and the light shift noise, were reduced to approximately zero by employing the magnetic field compensation method and by adjusting the frequency of the pump beam, respectively. With respect to the operation temperature, the simulation results showed that the temperature of the potassium atomic spin magnetometer realizing the spin-exchange relaxation-free regime was 180 °C. Moreover, the fluctuation noises of the frequency and the power were suppressed by using the frequency and the power stable systems. The experimental power stability results showed that the light intensity stability was enhanced 10%. Contrast experiments on the sensitivity were carried out to demonstrate the validity of the suppression methods. Finally, a sensitivity of 13 fT/Hz1/2 was successfully achieved by suppressing noises and optimizing parameters.
Highlights
In recent years, sensitive magnetometers have been used in many fields, such as biomedicine [1,2], Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) [3,4], material science [5,6], geography [7,8], basic physics [9,10,11,12]and magnetic induction tomography [13]
Atomic spin magnetometers are expected to be a new developmental direction in the future, the spin-exchange relaxation-free (SERF) atomic spin magnetometer has been successfully implemented, research on noise suppression methods based on constructing an output signal model and analyzing the noise sources and noises are still vitally important
The above output signal indicates that the magnetic field included in the magnetic field parameter á á β “ γe B {Rtot, the temperature which directly impacts the density number of the alkali metal atoms and the relaxation rate, and the light which can affect the pumping rate and the light shift, are the main noise sources influencing on the output signal and the sensitivity of the SERF atomic spin magnetometer
Summary
Sensitive magnetometers have been used in many fields, such as biomedicine [1,2], Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) [3,4], material science [5,6], geography [7,8], basic physics [9,10,11,12]. Romalis group of Princeton University was the first to realize a SERF atomic spin magnetometer [19] This group successfully achieved a sensitivity of 0.16 fT/Hz1/2 in 2010, which currently still is the highest sensitivity achieved in magnetic field measurement [20]. A SERF spin magnetometer mainly consists of an optical pumping system, optical detection detectionalkali-metal system, alkali-metal cell, magnetic and magnetic compensation system, and nonsystem, cell, magnetic shielding shielding and magnetic compensation system, and non-magnetic magnetic electricsystem. The factors influencing the sensitivity, such as equation, the outputthe signal wassignal established.
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