Measurement of the neutrino-oxygen neutral-current quasielastic cross section using atmospheric neutrinos in the SK-Gd experiment

A Langella ,M Shiozawa ,L N Machado ,L Ludovici ,M Yokoyama ,M R Vagins ,B Bodur ,D Wark ,M Friend ,E Kearns ,T Nakamura ,K Sakashita ,A Goldsack ,K Sato ,A Konaka ,Y Fukuda ,B Jamieson ,G Collazuol ,R Kaneshima ,M Ishitsuka ,S Tairafune ,T Yano ,H Zhong ,J Kameda ,H Shiba ,Th A Mueller ,M Mattiazzi ,K Okumura ,C Yanagisawa ,M B Smy ,S M Lakshmi ,Y Maekawa ,T Wester ,F Nakanishi ,T Ishizuka ,M Ikeda ,A Holin ,Y Itow ,N Iovine ,Y Kanemura ,Y Hino ,R Matsumoto ,K Martens ,S Samani ,A Giampaolo ,J L Raaf ,M G Catanesi ,Y S Prabhu ,K Nakamura ,Y Takagi ,T Hasegawa ,T Kajita ,J Xia ,Y Takemoto ,A Beauchene ,Y Yoshioka ,R G Park ,C Fujisawa ,T Nakadaira ,V Takhistov ,M Kuze ,X Li ,T Katori ,H W Sobel ,L Cook ,Y Suzuki ,M Shinoki ,Y Oyama ,S Mine ,O Drapier ,M Miura ,T Matsubara ,S Yoshida ,L F Thompson ,N F Calabria ,Y Uchida ,P Paganini ,K Nishijima ,N Bhuiyan ,Y Kashiwagi ,S Suzuki ,M Gonin ,K Yasutome ,R Okazaki ,B Zhang ,M O'flaherty ,F Di Lodovico ,I Yu ,V Gousy-Leblanc ,K Yamauchi ,B Richards ,G Pronost ,H Ishino ,E Kwon ,Y Noguchi ,K Abe ,G De Rosa ,N J Griskevich ,Y Kataoka ,G Barr ,S Cao ,S B Boyd ,W Shi ,M Kawaue ,T Nakaya ,T Tomiya ,L Kneale ,N W Prouse ,D Barrow ,B W Pointon ,K M Tsui ,M Mori ,Y Takeuchi ,R M Ramsden ,J Hill ,L Labarga ,K Ieki ,M J Wilking ,S Nakayama ,M Nakahata ,S Chen ,J Feng ,N Ospina ,H Okazawa ,S Shima ,K Choi ,L Wan ,A Minamino ,B S Yang ,F Iacob ,M Mandal ,M Jia ,Y Ommura ,J G Learned ,M Hartz ,M Malek ,J Yoo ,A Yankelevich ,K Scholberg ,C K Jung ,J S Jang ,L H V Anthony ,F Nova ,S Izumiyama ,S Miki ,J W Seo ,N Mccauley ,R Gaur ,P De Perio ,S Han ,T Kikawa ,T Tashiro ,S J Jenkins ,S H Lee ,V Berardi ,P Mijakowski ,M Scott ,Z Hu ,J Zalipska ,H Menjo ,N Shigeta ,S Moriyama ,K Nakagiri ,Y Sonoda ,K Hosokawa ,M Nicholson ,S Sakai ,R Akutsu ,S Zsoldos ,Z Xie ,J R Hu ,C W Walter ,A K Ichikawa ,A Tarant ,Y Nishimura ,N Taniuchi ,Y Nakano ,B Zaldivar ,S B Kim ,J Migenda ,T Sekiguchi ,Y Hayato ,M Jakkapu ,B Quilain ,H Sekiya ,Y Koshio ,E Radicioni ,G T Burton ,X Wang ,D H Moon ,T Tsukamoto ,K Ninomiya ,C Bronner ,J E P Fannon ,Ll Marti ,J M Mcelwee ,A A Sztuc ,S Locke ,K Hiraide ,Tomoyuki Tano ,Ahmed Farag Ali ,Hirohisa Tanaka ,Gao Jian ,Toru Ishida ,Eiji Watanabe ,Tadashi Yoshida ,Toshio Kobayashi ,D R Hadley ,Kurakazu Shimizu ,Daniel R Martin ,Munjung Jang ,Benda Xu ,Poonam Mehta ,Masayuki Harada ,Yasuhiro Nakajima ,J M Bian ,M Posiadała-Zezula ,Robert G Edwards ,J Yang ,Sho Amanai ,J Łagoda ,Stephen Wilson ,Angelo De Souza Santos ,Akihiro Suzuki ,Feng Liu ,Sung-Mok Jung ,R Wendell ,Akihiro Eguchi ,M Thiesse ,Tomofumi Tada ,Hiroshi Itô ,P Fernåndez ,Jin-Liang Jiang ,Shin Fujita ,Atsushi Takeda

doi:10.48550/arxiv.2311.03842

A Langella , M Shiozawa + Show 233 more

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https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2311.03842

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Publication Date: Nov 7, 2023

Affiliation: Leprince-Ringuet Laboratory

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We report the first measurement of the atmospheric neutrino-oxygen neutral-current quasielastic (NCQE) cross section in the gadolinium-loaded Super-Kamiokande (SK) water Cherenkov detector. In June 2020, SK began a new experimental phase, named SK-Gd, by loading 0.011% by mass of gadolinium into the ultrapure water of the SK detector. The introduction of gadolinium to ultrapure water has the effect of improving the neutron-tagging efficiency. Using a 552.2 day data set from August 2020 to June 2022, we measure the NCQE cross section to be 0.74 $\pm$ 0.22(stat.) $^{+0.85}_{-0.15}$ (syst.) $\times$ 10$^{-38}$ cm$^{2}$/oxygen in the energy range from 160 MeV to 10 GeV, which is consistent with the atmospheric neutrino-flux-averaged theoretical NCQE cross section and the measurement in the SK pure-water phase within the uncertainties. Furthermore, we compare the models of the nucleon-nucleus interactions in water and find that the Binary Cascade model and the Liege Intranuclear Cascade model provide a somewhat better fit to the observed data than the Bertini Cascade model. Since the atmospheric neutrino-oxygen NCQE reactions are one of the main backgrounds in the search for diffuse supernova neutrino background (DSNB), these new results will contribute to future studies - and the potential discovery - of the DSNB in SK.

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