Abstract
Emission of muonium (|$\mu ^{+}e^{-}$|) atoms from silica aerogel into vacuum was observed. Characteristics of muonium emission were established from silica aerogel samples with densities in the range from 29 mg cm−3 to 178 mg cm−3. Spectra of muonium decay times correlated with distances from the aerogel surfaces, which are sensitive to the speed distributions, and follow general features expected from a diffusion process, while small deviations from a simple room-temperature thermal diffusion model are identified. The parameters of the diffusion process are deduced from the observed yields.
Highlights
A new experiment has been proposed at J-PARC [1] to measure the anomalous magnetic moment aμ = (g−2)μ/2 of the muon
Silica aerogel was identified as a promising alternative, producing polarized muonium with reasonably high probability from stopping muon beams, and showing evidence of muonium emission into vacuum
This paper presents the results of our measurements of muonium behavior in a selection of high quality silica aerogel samples
Summary
The JPARC experiment relies on the acceleration of muons from essentially thermal energies, in order to limit transverse momentum components and to enable their eventual injection into a small storage device with a high-precision magnetic field. This requirement translates into the need for an ultra-slow muon source. Silica aerogel was identified as a promising alternative, producing polarized muonium with reasonably high probability from stopping muon beams, and showing evidence of muonium emission into vacuum Unlike powder, it is self-supporting, stable, and can be made in various sizes, shapes, and densities. This paper presents the results of our measurements of muonium behavior in a selection of high quality silica aerogel samples
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