Abstract
This paper presents the results of an analytical and experimental investigation of the measurement of acoustic intensity in the presence of mean fluid flow. The investigation was necessitated by the fact that an acoustic intensity measurement technique with mean fluid flow is not available. Munro and Ingard [J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 65, 1402–1406 (1979)] have developed a formulation for this problem; but no experimental data or verification is given. In this paper, two independent formulations for acoustic intensity in a duct with mean fluid flow using the two-microphone cross-spectral density method are developed. In order to evaluate and compare our formulations with the Munro and Ingard expression, we have conducted an experiment for the case of one-dimensional, irrotational, isentropic mean flow in a duct over 0–0.15 Mach range and for frequencies from 300 to 800 Hz. All these formulations yield similar values for acoustic intensity, within experimental errors. Although it is still premature to draw definite conclusions regarding the significance of additive terms to the nonflow acoustic intensity, some insight based on our preliminary experimental results has been gained.
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