Abstract
This chapter reviews the mortality of measles and the economic impact of the disease in developing countries to appreciate the usefulness of live measles vaccine and the justification for the conduct of mass campaigns against measles in developing countries. The first batch of live measles vaccine was prepared for human inoculation using as a seed virus, fluid from a chick-cell culture passage. Live measles vaccines have been used in several developing countries in Asia, Africa, South America, and Eastern Europe. The efficacy of the vaccine in the prevention of measles has been demonstrated in these countries both in clinical trials and in mass campaigns. Simultaneous or combined vaccination against measles and other viral and bacterial diseases have been proved to be practical in several field trials. The combination of live measles vaccine with smallpox vaccine has been used widely. The combined use of either live measles vaccine and smallpox or live measles vaccine with both smallpox and yellow fever vaccines has given a good result in Upper-Volta children and is practiced routinely.
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