Médicaments responsables de toxidermie chez des enfants de phototype foncé à Dakar

Abstract

IntroductionToxidermia in the paediatric population accounts for 35 to 36% of adverse drug reactions in children [1]. In 2% of cases, they can affect the vital and/or functional prognosis [2]. The aim of this work was to determine the drugs responsible of toxidermia in pediatric population in a hospital environment in Dakar. MethodologyThis was a cross-sectional, observational, descriptive study, over a period of 10 years, of children seen in the 3 dermatological university hospitals of reference in Dakar. ResultsWe collected 116 cases, representing a hospital incidence of 0.08%. The sex ratio was 1.23. The mean age of the patients was 7 years. The types of toxidermia were Stevens Johnson/Lyell syndrome in 42.2%, EPF in 11.2%, EMP in 10.3%, urticaria in 8.6%. Mucosal involvement was found in 50.9%. Complications were hydro-electrolytic disorders in 22.4%, infection in 7.7% and hypothermia in 1.7%. The incriminated drug classes were antibiotics in 41.4%, antiepileptics in 17.2%, non steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in 15.5%, analgesics in 15.5% and antimalarials in 8.6%. Traditional plants were incriminated in 7.7% of cases. ConclusionAntibiotics and antiepileptics are the most common drugs involved in children toxidermia in Dakar. Stevens Johnson/Lyell syndrome is the most frequent clinical form.