Abstract

AbstractGlobal energy demand is increasing exponentially. This increase in demand causes concern pertaining to the global energy crisis and allied environmental threats. The solution of these issues is seen in renewable energy sources. Solar energy is considered one of the major sources of renewable energy, available in abundance and also free of cost. Solar photovoltaic (PV) cells are used to convert solar energy into unregulated electrical energy. These solar PV cells exhibit nonlinear characteristics and give very low efficiency. Therefore, it becomes essential to extract maximum power from solar PV cells using maximum power point tracking (MPPT). Perturb and observe (P&O) is one of such MPPT schemes. The behavior of MPPT schemes under continually changing atmospheric conditions is critical. It leads to two conditions, i.e., rapid change in solar irradiation and partial shading due to clouds, etc. Also, the behavior of MPPT schemes under changed load condition becomes significant to analyze. This artic...

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