Abstract
Energy efficiency (EE) is one of the key design goals for fifth-generation (5G) cellular networks due to the intermittent properties of renewable energy sources and limited battery capacity. In this paper, we analyze the EE of downlink (DL) massive multi-user multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) system based on circuit power consumption for the transmit antenna configuration. We designed full complexity reduced zero-forcing (ZF) beamforming to cancel out interbeam interference when the number of antennas and minimized the power consumption model, when formulating the power allocation optimization problem with the Lagrange duality method, in order to maximize EE. Simulation results revealed that the EE in the base station (BS) could be improved when the number of radio frequency (RF) chains was proportional to the optimal transmit power allocation and when the consumption circuit power was comparable to the transmit power.
Highlights
The generation of cellular networks faces an increasing demand for data traffic
We present the analysis of the total power consumption for maximizing EE based on the transmit power and fundamental power for the circuit at the transmitter, where QK represents the allocated power consumed for the Kth users, QC is the power consumption for all circuit power, QRF is the power consumed at each r adio frequency (RF) chain and QBB is the power consumed by the baseband processing
Maximal EE could be obtained under the use of RF chains when NRF = 80, as the EE became saturated and started to decrease because the full complexity of ZF used the same number of RF chains, which reduced the EE
Summary
The generation of cellular networks faces an increasing demand for data traffic. Massive MIMO systems in 5G are very important in maximizing both data rates and EE for cellular networks using the same time-frequency resources. Among other improvements, this requires a focus on maximizing energy efficiency based on the transmit power when the number of antennas is large enough and the number of used RF chains is small. In our research we derived only the numbers of RF chains at proportional to the optimal transmit power allocation at transmitted signals from BS to UEs. The author [7] focused on reducing the power consumption of RF chains in mm-Wave by proposing the Butler-matrix-based hybrid analog/digital beamforming based on evaluated spectral efficiency to maximize EE. Because a large number of antennas connected to one RF chain in higher array gain; this can be written as
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