Abstract
Testicular teratoma is a sub-type of Non-Seminomatous Germ Cell Tumour (NSGCT) and often occurs in two distinct age groups. Adult testicular teratomas are often mixed and are malignant. Teratoma can be divided histologically into mature and immature. Pure mature teratoma of the testis is rare. Intratubular Germ Cell Neoplasia (ITGCN) is a common feature associated with teratoma. Teratoma is frequently chemoresistant and clinical management of these tumours includes radical inguinal orchidectomy followed by Retroperitoneal Lymph Node (RPLND) dissection if indicated. Long-term oncological outcomes for mature and immature testicular teratoma are equivocal.
Highlights
Testicular teratoma is a sub-type of Non-Seminomatous Germ Cell Tumours (NSGCT) of the testis
Pure teratoma in the testis is rare accounting for 4% of germ cell tumours (GCT) in this organ compared to pure teratoma in 95% of GCTs found in the ovary [1]
To evaluate for metastatic disease a staging CT thorax and abdomen is recommended in all cases of testicular cancer [7]
Summary
Testicular teratoma is a sub-type of Non-Seminomatous Germ Cell Tumours (NSGCT) of the testis. Gonadal germ cell tumours (GCT) can be diagnostically challenging for pathologists and correct classification has a major implication on prognosis and therapeutic treatment [1]. Teratoma is a GCT that predominantly occurs in the gonads: the testis and ovaries. They contain well-differentiated or incompletely differentiated elements of at least two germ cells layers (endoderm, ectoderm and/or mesoderm). Mature teratomas are well differentiated relative to the germ cell layers. Immature teratomas are incompletely differentiated and are similar to foetal or embryonic tissue [2]. This article discusses and summaries the pertinent features of mature and immature teratomas of the testis and their significance
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