Matter-Wave Bright Solitons with a Finite Background in Spinor Bose–Einstein Condensates

Abstract

We investigate dynamical properties of bright solitons with a finite background in the F =1 spinor Bose–Einstein condensate (BEC), based on an integrable spinor model which is equivalent to the matrix nonlinear Schrödinger equation with a self-focusing nonlineality. We apply the inverse scattering method formulated under nonvanishing boundary conditions. The resulting soliton solutions can be regarded as a generalization of those under vanishing boundary conditions. One-soliton solutions are derived in an explicit manner. According to the behaviors at the infinity, they are classified into two kinds, domain-wall (DW) type and phase-shift (PS) type. The DW-type implies the ferromagnetic state with nonzero total spin and the PS-type implies the polar state, where the total spin amounts to zero. We also discuss two-soliton collisions. In particular, the spin-mixing phenomenon is confirmed in a collision involving the DW-type. The results are consistent with those of the previous studies for bright solitons under vanishing boundary conditions and dark solitons. To summarize, we establish the robustness and the usefulness of the multiple matter-wave solitons in the spinor BECs.