Mathematical Modelling of Wastewater Treatment: A Review and Application

Sustainable water management is increasingly important for utilities and is driving efforts to reduce energy consumption and residuals production in domestic wastewater (DWW) treatment without compromising effluent quality. Anaerobic membrane bioreactors (AnMBRs) combine anaerobic biological treatment and membrane separation in a single process. The potential benefits of DWW treatment by AnMBRs are substantial: ♦They generate a fraction of the residuals and consume substantially less energy compared to conventional DWW treatment systems. ♦They allow for the recovery of methane, a renewable energy source, which further improves the energy balance. ♦They can be integrated in centralized or decentralized wastewater treatment schemes due to easy scalability. This title belongs to WERF Research Report Series . In short, DWW treatment using AnMBR technology potentially represents a more sustainable DWW treatment paradigm. This study addressed the following questions that highlight the challenges associated with DWW treatment with AnMBR: Can AnMBRs be operated at the low DWW temperatures experienced in many regions in the U.S. and around the world? Can AnMBR treatment meet U.S. EPA's standards for secondary treatment? Can methane be recovered efficiently during low-temperature AnMBR treatment of DWW? ISBN: 9781780400532 (eBook)

Water scarcity in India is increasing in an astronomical rate. More than 50% of the population is experiencing water stress. Domestic waste water (inclusive of kitchen waste and bathroom waste) treatment plays a crucial role in treating the waste water and reuse it for recreational and agricultural activities. But in India, less than 50% of sewage water is only treated and the rest is disposed untreated. This untreated water pollutes the water bodies and may lead to adverse effects on aquatic life and also water quality. This paper reviews the various domestic waste water treatment plants, their advantages and limitations. Based on the literature, the study proposes a cost effective waste water treatment method.

Tailored polymer hydrogels for mainstream ammonium recovery in domestic wastewater

In Turkey, treatment sludge that obtained from domestic wastewater and water treatment plants causes storage and disposal problems. In the current situation, there are 69 domestic wastewater treatment plants in Turkey and this corresponds to approximately 13% of the population. Total 500 thousand tons of treatment sludge is released from these treatment plants, annually. In the case of all municipalities establish a wastewater treatment plant in Turkey, approximately, 4 million tons of treatment sludge is projected to release in a year. Additionally, 3.6 million tons of treatment sludge will be obtained from the manufacturing industry. In other words, approximately 7.6 ↔ 106 tons of treatment sludge potential exists in Turkey and in the same amount of the storage area (7.6 ↔106m3) is needed for the storage of this treatment sludge, perennially. In this study, energy production from wastewater treatment sludge through the anaerobic method has been investigated and compared to the aerobic treatment method. Also, advantages and disadvantages of both methods have been introduced. In order to determine biogas production capacity from treatment sludge, some amount of sample sludge has been taken from the final sedimentation tank before belt press in a wastewater treatment plant and it has been experimentally analyzed.

Domestic wastewaters causing pollution contain inorganic and/or organic materials. When the domestic wastewater outflows to the receiving waters, it causes physical, chemical, and biological pollution in them, and deteriorates the ecological balance of those waters. In the treatment of wastewater, various treatment methods are available depending on the pollution strength of the wastewater. Besides mechanical and biological methods, wastewater treatment with physicochemical methods is still one of the most effective and economical options. Particularly in wastewater with a high concentration of suspended solids, this method is very successful, and obtaining high suspended solids removal efficiencies is very possible. In this study, the effects of the use of coagulant and coagulant aid to be used in a treatment plant where domestic wastewater treatment is carried out are determined to increase the treatment efficiency of a biological treatment that comes later in the stages of the treatment. The effluent of the pre-settling tank may contain a lot of suspended solids. This presence of excess suspended solids decreases the efficiency at other levels of treatment and causes energy loss. In the experiments, the standard jar and inhibition tests are done as a method. As a result of the conducted studies, it is determined that the FeCl3, Synthetic coagulant LP 526, FeClSO4, and the combination of anionic polyelectrolyte yield the best results in the removal of the parameters of chemical oxygen demand (COD), total suspended solids (TSS), and volatile suspended solids (VSS). While FeCl3, APE 65, APE 85, Synthetic coagulant LP 526, and FeClSO4 did not show any inhibition effect in the sludge, APE 67, CPE 84, and (Al2(SO4)3 are found to cause inhibition in the sludge.

Treatment of domestic wastewater using modified septic tank

The micro algae are the green photosynthetic micro organisms, which are the primary producers of the aquatic ecosystems. The green micro algae have evolved long back approximately two and a half billion years ago and initiated the process of photosynthesis in the world. The Botryococcus braunii is a green photosynthetic micro alga fixes atmospheric CO2 for energy production and it is well known for high quantity of lipid accumulation. Along with normal fatty acids the long chain different types of hydrocarbon production exudates outside of the cells are the characteristic features of this specific micro alga. At the same time, this unique micro alga has been reported to grow well in the sewage waste water and can be used to remove toxic metals and unwanted nutrients from waste water. In this present study, a new and novel strain of Botryococcus braunii has been isolated from the temple ponds around the Chennai city, Tamil Nadu, India. The effective treatment of domestic waste water from different sites around Chennai city using Botryococcus braunii has been well evaluated in this current study. The physiochemical parameters like COD, BOD, electrical conductivity (EC) and ammonia have been removed more than 70% from domestic waste water especially in Adyar River (AR) domestic waste water when compared to other waste water. The growth kinetics of the Botryococcus braunii strain in the domestic waste water AR and NB (Napier’s bridge) have shown good results when compared to other samples. The micro alga B. braunii strain is well known for its high lipid production and which was achieved from the biomass harvested from the domestic waste water sample AR. The total carotenoid content was also found in the micro algal biomass from the sample AR. This overall research study suggested that the implication of some important micro algae for the treatment of waste water can remediate the water resource as well as the biomass yield can be economically useful for many applications.

The effectiveness of domestic waste water treatment plant (WWTP) RBC System (Rotating Biological Contactor), inplemented in WWTP at Kelurahan Sebengkok Kota Tarakan. The objective of this study was to determine the process and effectiveness of domestic waste water treatment plant (WWTP) at Kelurahan Sebengkok Kota Tarakan. This research carried out for 4 months from April to July 2014. The result of this research that the domestic waste water treatment plant (WWTP) at Kelurahan Sebengkok Kota Tarakan is using RBC system (Rotating Biological Contactor), a processing system by using a system of micro-organisme to break down organic materials. Analysis of the results showed that, the level of effectiviness of domestic waste Water treatment water plant RBC system at Kelurahan Sebengkok Tarakan is very effective. 2013 the average level of effectiveness by 69,24 % and in 2014 by 62, 34 %, decline in the level of effectiveness from 2013 to 2014. Key words : Effectiveness, Waste Water Treatment Plant and RBC

A comparative analysis of methods to represent uncertainty in estimating the cost of constructing wastewater treatment plants

Treatment of domestic wastewater is one of the seri ous problems. Various treatment technologies such a s physico-chemical treatment and biological treatment are available fo r the treatment of domestic wastewater. Owing to th e presence of high organic matter, domestic wastewater is well suited for biological treatment. As such in recent years t here has been increasing interest in anaerobic treatment of waste water. Compared to aerobic treatment, anaerobic dig estion produces less biomass for the same amount of COD removal compared to aerobic treatment and produces methane up to 95 % of the organic matter in the waste stream. The laboratory bench scale experiments were carried out treating d omestic wastewater of Gulbarga city in fabricated anaerobic batch reac tor of 10 Lts working volume. The domestic wastewat er has the following characteristics (average values) pH= 6.9 to 7.95, T otal solids = 1140 mg/L, Dissolved solids = 1020 mg /L, Suspended solids = 120 mg/L, Alkalinity = 120 mg/L, Total volatile s olids = 890 mg/L, Chloride = 262.2 mg/L, BOD 5 = 285 mg/L, COD = 945 mg/L. The experiments were carried out for three mo nths with the initial organic loading rate = 0.945 kg of COD/m 3 day. From the study it is concluded that the anaerobic d igestion has the efficiency in removal of COD by 90 .25% and Total solids removal of 67.27%.

To better manage Jakarta's domestic wastewater, the DKI Jakarta Provincial Government commissioned the construction of Domestic Wastewater Treatment Plants (WWTP) in multiple locations across the city. After the results of the measurements have been determined, engineering work needs to order to address the numerous parameters more than excesses of the quality in addition, there. This study intends to develop a vertical flow CW design as an additional treatment for the DKI Jakarta Environmental Service Dormitory Communal Domestic WWTP as a recommendation for improvement so that the quality of treated water can meet domestic wastewater quality standards. This study aims to ensure that the quality of treated water can meet domestic wastewater quality standards. This redesign makes use of a variety of data sources, including primary data as well as secondary data. The necessary information is the quantity of constable water consumption and the quality of the domestic wastewater produced within the environment of the DKI Jakarta DLH Dormitory. Through a network of pipelines, wastewater from activities such as bathing and using the latrines is transported directly to the WWTP. During this time, water from activities such as washing and runoff caused by rain will enter various drainage channels to the receiving water body, the Ciliwung River. The length of the CW at WWTP 1 is 6.718 meters, and its width is 3.35 meters. Following more in-depth processing of the available data, it was discovered that the existing outlet wastewater had a low C/N ratio. When creating wetlands in the field using artificial CW, the discharge that flows into the wetland and the release that flows out of the wetland is not the same. The amount can either be decreased or increased according to the current circumstances. This needs to be considered for the presence of water in the swamp system to be managed. After being processed with VFCW, it was discovered that the total BOD value of the effluent produced was less than 30 mg/L. This suggests that the processing of VFCW can conform to the requirements of PermenLHK No. 68/2016, which is concerned with the Quality Standards for Domestic Wastewater. The ammonium-nitrogen value by comparing the molar mass value to NH3. As a result, WWTP locations 1, 2, and 3 have all achieved the required quality. The NH4 value, on the other hand, has not been able to meet the quality standard of PermenLHK No. 68/2016 concerning Domestic Wastewater Quality Standards. This is because the ammonia concentration from Domestic Communal WWTP 4 is so high. As a solution to this problem, WWTP 4 will be upgraded from four plants per square meter (ppm) to five plants per sq m (ppm), hoping to improve the rate at which plants absorb nutrients. The removal of ammonia using VFCW can range anywhere from 34 - 95 percent. Keywords: Domestic Wastewater, Planning, Constructed Wetland, WWTP

Domestic wastewater of Lebari Sub-village and Krajan Sub-village was disposed so unproperly that it overflowed onto surroundings. When the met garbage and livestock manure, it would attract flies and mice; and also contaminate the surrounding water. Pawenang (2010) riset showed that the spring water which flowed into Jaro River and Sronto River did not meet the bacteriological qualification because it had 1.100/100ml and >2.400/100ml total coliform number, whereas the limit was 10/100ml. Public Health Centre data showed that diarea always on the top three. Both non-physical and physical efforts were needed. The physical effort was done by building a comunal wastewater treatment. The non-physical efford was done with education about wastewater management and wastewater treatment maintenace. The public education increased knowladge rate of 83.3% mothers participants and 90% fathers participants. It had been already built 2 units of domestic wastewater treatment which covered 60 houses. It had been formed a wastewater superintendent forum which was well observed be properly able to manage and to maintain the wastewater treatment units.

Aerobic Granular Sludge: Effect of Substrate on Granule Formation

Two years of the operation of a domestic MBR wastewater treatment plantThe paper evaluates the results of data obtained from two years of observing an actual domestic wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) with an immersed membrane module. The domestic MBR (membrane bioreactor) WWTP was linked to a dwelling with four residents. Two different commercial flat sheet membrane modules were investigated. The membrane modules, as well as the whole WWTP, were tested with different fluxes as well as the response of the membrane and activated sludge to different conditions, such as actual peak wastewater flows, extremes temperatures (a winter below 5 °C), and high pH values.

The activity of sulfate reducing bacteria (SRB) in domestic wastewater treatment plants (WWTP) is often considered as a problem due to H2S formation and potential related odour and corrosion of materials. However, when controlled well, these bacteria can be effectively used in a positive manner for the treatment of wastewater. The main advantages of using SRB in wastewater treatment are: (1) minimal sludge production, (2) reduction of potential pathogens presence, (3) removal of heavy metals and (4) as pre-treatment of anaerobic digestion. These advantages are accessory to efficient and stable COD removal by SRB. Though only a few studies have been conducted on SRB treatment of domestic wastewater, the many studies performed on industrial wastewater provide information on the potential of SRB in domestic wastewater treatment. A key-parameter analyses literature study comprising pH, organic substrates, sulfate, salt, temperature and oxygen revealed that the conditions are well suited for the application of SRB in domestic wastewater treatment. Since the application of SRB in WWTP has environmental benefits its application is worth considering for wastewater treatment, when sulfate is present in the influent.