Maternal sensitivity in Singapore: early educators’ beliefs and mothers’ reported versus observed behavior

The equivalence between the localization criteria and the fracture criteria was validated as a forming limit for the proper prediction of failure induced by severe strain localization in the two-step hybrid forming process of 7xxx series aluminum alloy sheets at the elevated temperature. In the previous researches, an extensive and systematic method combined with sophisticated material characterization had been revisited as the localization criterion to estimate the onset of the failure without any fracture criteria. As for the fracture criteria, a deformation path and effective strain-rate sensitive fracture criterion was utilized. In the event of failure occurrence with abrupt strain localization, which has been traditionally known as the localization criteria dominant case, the fracture criteria can replace the localization criteria as a forming limit.

1. Timothy R. Shope, MD, MPH* 1. *Department of Pediatrics, Division of General Academic Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA. * Abbreviations: AAP: : American Academy of Pediatrics CFOC3: : Caring for Our Children , 3rd ed ECE: : early care and education RSV: : respiratory syncytial virus Out-of-home care and education are the norms for most young children and lead to increased exposure to infectious diseases. Pediatricians need to be aware of strategies to reduce the risk of infection and guidelines for determining exclusion and return to care for mildly ill children who participate in group care arrangements. After completing this article, readers should be able to: 1. Recognize the risks of infectious diseases in children who participate in early care and education programs. 2. Understand methods for reducing infectious diseases in early care and education settings. 3. Identify which infectious diseases require exclusion from early care and education programs. Two-thirds of children younger than 6 years participate in nonparental out-of-home early education and child care. Demographic trends during the past several decades reflect an increased desire and need to work for men and women who are parents. During the first 2 years of participation, children enrolled in early care and education (ECE) programs experience a higher incidence of respiratory and diarrheal infections, otitis media, and antibiotic-resistant bacteria compared with their peers primarily cared for at home. The types of infection generally reflect common respiratory and gastrointestinal viruses in circulation in the community. However, there are some infectious diseases that can cause outbreaks or clusters of infections in ECE settings. When ill children are excluded from an ECE facility, parents may miss work, lose income, and seek health care services in an effort to return their children to child care. Pediatricians need to be aware of the infectious disease risks of child care attendance and various strategies for reducing them. In addition, pediatricians need to be knowledgeable about rational exclusion and return …

In Ciletuh, Sukabumi, Indonesia, there is a natural heritage in terms of geology, biodiversity, and culture. Having been introduced as a National Geo-park since 2015, this place has been visited by a lot of tourists and scientists. This leads to the necessity of its local people to play their role in preserving nature. Thus, early education on local wisdom to the local people is important. This study uses survey promoting interview technique to find out the condition of the local people in a remote area namely Taman Jaya, Ciemas, Sukabumi, Indonesia to develop local wisdom education. The results show that local wisdom education within the area of Ciletuh Geo-park emphasizes more on the local people participation, particularly youth participation, as a well-educated tour guide so that local wisdom and geo-diversity keep being preserved. For a long-term target, there needs to be formal local wisdom education starting from primary school to higher education so that Ciletuh Geoprak can be a learning facility for both intra-curricular and extra-curricular activities.

This paper aims to estimate the prevalence of cardiovascular health and the validity of the Brazilian population's self-reported score. This is a cross-sectional, methodological study with 8,943 individual adults and laboratory data from the 2013 National Health Survey. We employed behavioral (body mass index, tobacco use, diet, physical activity, ideal if ≥ 3 ideal factors), biological (tobacco use, dyslipidemia, hypertension, and diabetes, ideal if ≥ 3 ideal factors), and cardiovascular health scores (all factors, ideal if ≥ 4 ideal factors). Prevalence of sensitivity and specificity scores and analyses of the self-reported scores were estimated, considering the scores with measured variables as the gold standard. Approximately 56.7% of individuals had ideal values for the measured cardiovascular health score. Sensitivity was 92% and specificity 30% for the self-reported biological score. Sensitivity and specificity scores were, respectively, 90.6% and 97.2% for self-reported behavior. The self-reported cardiovascular health score had a sensitivity of 92.4% and specificity of 48.5%. A little over half of the population had an ideal cardiovascular health score. The self-reported score showed good sensitivity and lower proportions of specificity.

This research investigates the use of recycled materials as educational media designed to enrich early childhood learning experiences. The study aims to understand how these materials affect children’s participation, foster creativity, support cognitive growth, and build environmental awareness. Using a qualitative descriptive approach, data were gathered through observation, interviews, and documentation at a local early childhood education center. Results indicate that learning activities involving recycled items promote higher levels of student engagement and help develop fine motor skills, while also nurturing an early sense of ecological responsibility. Teachers observed that children responded with greater enthusiasm when working with everyday items like bottle caps, newspapers, and cardboard. Integrating these materials into lessons not only encourages creative thinking but also introduces concepts of sustainability in a hands-on manner. Educators found this approach helpful for designing lessons that are both accessible and meaningful, inspiring children to use their imagination and care for the environment. While the findings point to recycled materials as valuable resources in early education, the study was conducted within a limited context and over a short period. Further research involving wider settings and longer observation is recommended to better understand the long-term effects. The insights gained here are relevant for educators seeking to incorporate sustainable practices and environmental values into early learning.

A vast body of literature shows that maternal depression has long-term adverse consequences for children. However, only very few studies have documented the effect of maternal depression on children's ability to process emotional expressions and even fewer incorporated measures of observed maternal sensitivity to further tease apart whether it is the symptoms per se or the associated impact via maternal sensitivity that affects children's developing emotion-processing abilities. In a large community sample of Dutch preschoolers (N = 770), we examined independent and mediated effects of maternal depressive symptoms and sensitivity on children's ability to recognize emotional expressions using a nonverbal and a verbal task paradigm. Maternal depressive symptoms predicted less accurate emotion labeling in children, while maternal sensitivity was associated with more accurate emotion matching, especially for sadness and anger. Maternal sensitivity did not mediate the observed associations between mothers' depressive symptoms and children's emotion recognition, and effects were similar for boys and girls. Given that maternal depressive symptoms and sensitivity affected nonoverlapping areas of young children's emotion recognition, prevention and intervention efforts should focus on both alleviating maternal depressive symptoms and improving maternal sensitivity at the same time in order to maximize benefit.

Given high exclusionary discipline practices and decisions in early childhood education, it is important to understand teachers’ experiences with challenging behaviors and examine factors associated with their experiences. Depression, as a significant indicator of well-being and prevalent among early educators, is understudied in relation to teachers’ challenging behavior experiences. This study examines the association between early childhood teachers’ self-reported depression scores and experiences with children’s challenging behaviors and whether this association varies for teachers working with children with disabilities (CWD), using data from the 2019 National Survey of Early Care and Education. The analysis focused on 3079 center-based early childhood teachers. Both linear and ordinal logistic regression were used to analyze the data. The results showed that teachers with higher levels of depression scores were significantly more likely to report higher levels of challenging behaviors in children. While working with CWD increases the likelihood of reporting challenging behaviors, it did not significantly alter the association between teacher depression and their experiences with challenging behaviors. Implications of these findings are discussed.

STEAM to R-SLAMET Modification: An Integrative Thematic Play Based Learning with R-SLAMETS Content in Early Child-hood Education

Rethinking the role of early care and education in foster care

Charles Frederic Hartt was born in Fredericton, New Brunswick, the son of Jarvis William Hartt, a local educator. However, the family moved to Wolfville, Nova Scotia, where young Hartt received his early education, first under the supervision of his father at the Horton Academy and later at Acadia College. Even at the age of 10 or 11, Hartt exhibited a great love for natural history. While a student at Acadia College Hartt's abilities came to the attention of J. William Dawson and under Dawson's guidance Hartt undertook a study of the geology of Nova Scotia. It is reported that Hartt was so excited by his subject that he explored the entire province on foot, from one end to the other. From this field work came Hartt's first paper in which the young geologist disagreed with the ideas of none other than Sir Roderick Murchison with regard to the source of gold in some Nova Scotia rocks. After Hartt's graduation from Acadia College in 1860, the family moved back to New Brunswick, this time to Saint John where his father started a secondary school with Charles as one of the instructors. But Charles was more interested in exploring the region than teaching, and one of his favorite locations was known as "Fern Ledges" on the shore of the Bay of Fundy. In this outcrop of what Dawson identified as Devonian shales (now known to be Pennsylvanian Age), Hartt discovered what were the oldest known insects of the time. This and his other work brought him to the attention of Louis Agassiz and led to an invitation to study at the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Cambridge, Massachusetts. Even after he went to study with Agassiz, Hartt continued to work in New Brunswick and Nova Scotia during the summers, culminating in the summer of 1864 when he was employed with George F. Matthew, Professors L. W. Bailey, and Dawson to do a geology survey of New Brunswick. Hartt left his homeland soon afterward and turned his geological prowess on Brazil, but only after he had learned his craft walking over the hills and valleys of the Atlantic Provinces.

(Mis)Alignment of instructional policy supports in Pre-K and kindergarten: Evidence from rural districts in North Carolina

Introduction: Sepsis was the leading cause of maternal mortalities in the Centre for Maternal & Child Enquiries (CMACE) publication 2011, and the second leading cause of maternal mortalities in the Mothers and Babies: Reducing Risk through Audit and Confidential Enquiry (MBRRACE) publication 2014. The National Sepsis Programme developed a Maternal Sepsis Screening Tool for pilot through the 19 maternity units in Ireland. Description of practice change implemented: In March 2016 the National Programme invited all 19 maternity hospitals to a workshop held in The Coombe Women’s and Infants University Hospital. Maternity care requires a multidisciplinary approach, so we invited midwives, obstetricians, anaesthetists, microbiologists and pharmacists working in maternity hospitals and units to attend this day. The aim was to present the work of the group alongside the screening form and invite all hospitals to participate in the pilot study. A feedback form was developed and participating hospitals were asked to complete it from an individual or an organisational point of view. Aim and theory of change: Improving and standardising timely recognition and prompt appropriate treatment of sepsis within maternity care. Targeted population and stakeholders Doctors and Midwives in acute maternity settings. Timeline: Following local education by the sepsis programme, the pilot was conducted over a 3 month period in participating hospitals. Twelve hospitals gave feedback; this included 83 Midwives, 45 Doctors, 7 organisations/groups, 4 Nurses, 1 Pharmacist, 1 HIPE coder. Highlights: The feedback was analysed based on both qualitative and quantitative data. In the spirit of collaboration and integrating care. The National Programmes for Sepsis and Obstetrics & Gynaecology together convened a maternity working group in order to decide the best way forward for sepsis management in Irish maternity hospitals. With the information gathered from the pilot and the expertise of obstetricians, midwives and anaesthetics and microbiologists, the aim of the working group was to make decisions on an updated pathway and provide leadership on this topic. This work is currently ongoing and there is an updated sepsis screening tool was developed for implementation in all 19 Maternity Units next year. Sustainability: Education will be vital in relaying an understanding of the appropriate use of the form and indeed, its importance. This will be key to continuous sustainability. Transferability: As there were many maternity units involved both tertiary and regional the improvements to care are transferable across all maternity units in Ireland. Conclusions: The new tool will be implemented next year and further analysis will be done after a designated period of time. Its impact will be audited, including balancing measures. Discussions: While the initial findings informed the new screening tool it is a live document and changes can be made in line with evolving understanding of sepsis in maternity care. We have also highlighted the importance of not normalising the abnormal despite the various normal physiological and structural changes a woman’s body undergo in pregnancy and 42 days postpartum. We need to be ever mindful of the risks of infection and potential for infection to lead to sepsis. The key is balancing the need for early recognition and treatment with a rational approach to antimicrobial use.. Lessons learned: The importance of engagement with front line staff and incorporating their feedback to improve the tool. Also the imperativeness of a multidisciplinary team to instigate and sustain change.

IntroductionThe NICE guidelines on Chronic Heart Failure 2010 recommend the use of natriuretic peptide (NP) testing in patients with suspected heart failure without previous myocardial infarction (MI). NP testing is...

This paper explores how multilingualism is conceptualised in teacher education policy texts and discuss the ideological and implementational spaces for multilingual pedagogy in teacher education. The main focus is Norwegian early childhood teacher education curricula, and the qualitative oriented content analysis of teacher education curricula documents follows three steps. The first step provides an overview of how the content in Norwegian early childhood teacher education is regulated compared to Sweden, Denmark, Finland and Iceland. The second step takes a historical perspective, examining how the conceptualisations of multilingualism in Norwegian ECTE have changed from 1971–2018. The third step involves a close reading of local course plans from 12 different Norwegian higher education institutions. Findings show how curriculum content in Norwegian early childhood teacher education related to multilingualism is far more regulated than in the other Nordic countries. The historical analysis reveals how the ideological and implementational spaces have changed over the years by defining multilingualism differently, and how the current national guidelines open the ideological and implementation spaces for multilingualism. Furthermore, the analysis of the 12 local teacher education programs illustrates how these open spaces are implemented in different ways, either in narrowing further the spaces or broadening the spaces. The discussion revolves around how these spaces require different kinds of competencies for both practitioners and teacher educators.

[Purpose] Incheon, Korea and Tianjin, China, have similar geographical environments and have been exchanging for a long time, sharing the commonality that they are cities developed through industrial development and establishment of commerce and industry. Nevertheless, there are no research results on vocational education and local education between the two cities, so this study aims to compare and analyze modern vocational education between Incheon and Tianjin. [Methods] To achieve the purpose of this study, it was analyzed by referring to academic journals and historical sources related to coastal cities in Korea and China as a literature research method, and the initial development process and characteristics of the coastal urban vocational education system in Korea and China were examined. [Results] The main findings are that, first, the period of historical and historical upheaval from 1876 to 1908 exceeded the time difference of about 148 years, which has considerable commonality with the current social and cultural changes in 2024. Second, the demand for new industries and technologies has increased due to various changes and their impact, and looking at the present as a historical point of view that accepts the process of change, the direction to move forward also has a clue. [Conclusion] This study compared and analyzed the development process of early modern vocational education in Tianjin and Incheon to illuminate the early development process of vocational education in the two regions, and through this, its implications for the current development of vocational education were derived. In addition, the study is meaningful in that it can contribute to the prosperity of vocational education not only in Korea and China but al