Maternal Outcome in Patients of Cardiac Disease in Pregnancy at Tertiary Care Centre

Abstract

Background: Heart disease complicates at least 1% of pregnancies. There are two groups of cardiac disease in women of childbearing age: Congenital and acquired heart disease. Acquired heart disease includes rheumatic heart disease (RHD), cardiomyopathies and ischemic heart disease. Cardiac disease is usually secondary to streptococcal infections. Material and methods: This was a retrospective study conducted in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology at Rural Medical College, Loni between the period of July 2020 to November 2021. A total of 52 pregnant women with cardiac disease were admitted during the study period. Data was collected from previous hospital records. Results: A total 52 pregnant women with cardiac disease were included in the study. Total number of deliveries during this period was 13806. The incidence of cardiac disease was found to be 0.37%. Present study showed that the predominant lesion Rheumatic Heart Disease seen in 41 patients comprising 78.84% of patients of cardiac disease visiting our hospital. Conclusion: In our study, it is observed that in patients with pre-existing heart disease were associated with small for gestational age babies. Cardiac disease complicating pregnancy is a high risk situation which needs attention and thorough work-up. Maternal and neonatal morbidity and mortality can be reduced by regular antenatal checkups and early detection of cardiac disease. Joint management by an obstetrician, cardiologist and physician with co-operation of the patient to the fullest will result in achieving optimum maternal and fetal outcome.