Abstract
Thyroid hormones are essential growth and development regulators in both foetal and neonatal period. They are involved in metabolic processes, in maturation of nerve and skeletal tissue and many other fluid tissues. Abnormalities in their function during foetal development may have an impact on disorders in pregnancy, or increase susceptibility to the occurrence of neurodevelopmental disabilities in children later in life. There are many observational and epidemiological studies investigating the relationship between maternal thyroid dysfunction and a child development, yet a discussion on the subject is ongoing and robust evidence for its existence is still lacking.
Highlights
Maternal hypothyroidism (MHT) in the perinatal period is one of the most frequent pregnancy complications
It has been observed that pregnant women with MHT are at increased risk of developing numerous foetal dysfunctions or delivering newborn infants with laterlife disorders referring to neuropsychological development [1][3]
As reported by recent experimental and observational studies, maternal hypothyroidism (low thyroxine (T4) with a correct concentration of the thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH)) in early pregnancy might be related to impairments of brain development in the baby
Summary
Maternal hypothyroidism (MHT) in the perinatal period is one of the most frequent pregnancy complications. As reported by recent experimental and observational studies, maternal hypothyroidism (low thyroxine (T4) with a correct concentration of the thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH)) in early pregnancy might be related to impairments of brain development in the baby. It should be mentioned that a slight iodine deficiency, including subclinical hypothyroidism, is considered to be one of the most common causes of maternal hypothyroxinemia [29] SCH is defined as an increased thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) concentration in a serum, in the context of normal concentration of triiodothyronine (T3) and tetraiodothyronine (T4) [30]. The discussion is still ongoing and credible evidence is still lacking as to whether there is a risk of adverse neonatal outcomes in the case of maternal hypothyroidism
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