Abstract
ObjectiveTo investigate the association between maternal anemia and low/insufficient birth weight.DesignA prospective cohort study of pregnant women who underwent prenatal care at the healthcare units in a municipality of northeast Brazil together with their newborn infants was carried out. The pregnant women were classified as having anemia when the hemoglobin level was below 11 g/dl. Infants who were born full term weighing less than 2500 grams were classified as low birth weight, and those weighing between 2500 and 2999 grams were classified as insufficient weight. The occurrence of maternal anemia and its association with birth weight was verified using crude and adjusted Relative Risk (RR) estimates with their corresponding 95% confidence intervals (95%CIs).ResultsThe final sample was comprised of 622 women. Maternal anemia was considered a risk factor for low/insufficient birth weight, after adjusting the effect measurement for maternal age, family income, urinary infection, parity, alcoholic beverage consumption during pregnancy and gestational body mass index: RRadjusted = 1.38 [95% CI: 1.07 to 1.77].ConclusionsMaternal anemia was associated with low/insufficient birth weight, representing a risk factor for the gestational outcomes studied.
Highlights
Low birth weight has been widely studied and is an important risk factor for infant morbidity and mortality [1,2,3,4]
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Women diagnosed with maternal anemia showed a significantly higher incidence of children with birth weights
Summary
Low birth weight has been widely studied and is an important risk factor for infant morbidity and mortality [1,2,3,4]. The classic risk factors for low birth weight are associated with unfavorable biological, social and environmental conditions that may occur before or during the pregnancy period [4, 11,12,13]. Nutritional determinants, such as pre-gestational weight and weight gain during pregnancy, influence birth weight. Inadequate maternal caloric intake, which may be the result of a diet that is nutritionally poor, leads to lower absorption of essential micronutrients, such as vitamin B12 and iron, for fetal growth [14]
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