Materialized Views

Materialism is associated with negative personal outcomes including reduced well-being, increased risk behaviours, lower quality relationships and reduced pro-social behaviours. Self-determination theory has been used to explain these links, suggesting that dissatisfaction with basic psychological needs underpins this relationship. The majority of the research addressing the effects of materialism is based on adult populations. This thesis aimed to determine the impact of materialism on adolescents.. Part one presents an empirical paper that investigated the association between materialism and well-being within an adolescent sample using comprehensive measures of well-being and materialism. The study also looked at whether satisfaction and frustration with basic psychological needs played an explanatory role within this relationship. Materialism within adolescence was found to be associated with reduced life satisfaction and psychological needs satisfaction had an explanatory role in this relationship. Materialism was not universally related to all well-being dimensions measured. Applications of these findings and future research directions are discussed. Part two of this portfolio is a systematic review of the literature on materialism and well-being within adolescent populations. The findings of the review suggested that materialism was associated with increased health risk behaviours and reduced life satisfaction within adolescent populations. However, the review found large variations in the findings with some contradicting evidence. The review identified methodological issues which limited the conclusions drawn

Mending performs an experimental material ontology to test and reconfigure what mender and matter can become. Mending enacts a radical response-ability for and towards liveable more than human worlds. Yet mending seems impossible to do. I unravel this trouble with Jacques Ranciere’s politics of perception, the ‘distribution of the sensible’. The ‘sensible’ becomes shorthand for the neoliberal ordering of reality which conceals the material trouble and ‘unexists’ alternative ways to inhabit a world. ‘Mending the sensible’ is a sensory unravelling of givenness to create the conditions for mending’s material possibility. I turn to technoscience and feminist materialism — principally Barad’s posthuman performativity, Papadopoulos, Stephenson and Tsianos’ imperceptible politics, and Yusoff’s insensible matter — to apprehend mending as an outside politics of matter. Mending is material action which does not count in/for the ‘sensible’ order, and which constitutes noncapitalist worlds by reconfiguring capital’s excess. I am an ontoworker living in/as experiment. Previous roles of artist, activist and researcher have become undone. Ontowork is the everyday sensory and material testing of ontological rearrangements of self and lifeworld. Ontoexperiments follow emergent protocols to bring material entanglements into relation through risky ontological manoeuvres and concrete everyday matterings, like consuming no more clothes ever, or escaping the sensible force field and its comforts by moving to Cuba. The thesis is a diffracted onto-ethnographical account of cutting myself apart from sensible givens, and my experience of becoming otherwise in an alter-ontological construction site. It comprises five ontotales, one for each ontoexperiment, and an ontomanual which grounds an unknowing, indeterminate performance of un/ becoming in continuous experience and outside politics. The aim is for scholarship about mending’s possibility to perform itself in material worlds, to achieve material and sensory alignment between everyday experience and what we are for.

Materialist philosophy and socialist ideology are philosophical and ideological approaches that have deep influence and traces in public life practice. Along with the social, economic, and political fields, the field of education has been deeply influenced by materialist philosophy and socialist ideology in certain contexts. Main purpose of this study is to examine the effects of materialist philosophy and socialist ideology on the curriculum, educational administration and economic-political dimensions. The study is a systematic review study based on the review of the literature. It is aimed to synthesize the views and effects on education management with educational programs by making a systematic compilation of works on materialist philosophy, socialist ideology and education. The data of the study have been analyzed using content analysis. As a result of the study; considering perspective of materialist philosophy and socialist ideology on education, it is observed that theoretical humanistic values are generally advocated. However, many differences between theory and practice are observed in materialist philosophy and socialist ideology-related practices. In terms of curriculum dimension, materialist philosophy is important in terms of contributing to the creation of a new educational philosophy rather than being a direct educational philosophy. Considering social, political and economic dimensions; it can be stated that materialist philosophy and socialist ideology direct the liberal capitalist world towards social policies. In the research, it is suggested that researches should be conducted to examine the effects of different philosophies and ideologies on the curriculum and management of education.

In a recently published collection on materiality in art Petra Lange-Berndt asks, “what does it mean to give agency to the material, to follow the material and to act with the material” (2015:13). My article attempts to consider this question, focusing on the work of a number of musicians and composers who have chosen to engage creatively with the sounds produced by obsolete – or near obsolete – technologies of sound recording and reproduction. Every sound technology has the capacity to generate as well reproduce sound: in the case of the wax cylinder or shellac disc, surface noise is generated by physical contact between the recording medium and the needle/stylus, and with magnetic tape noise is created by the oxides used to make the tape. We might think of these sounds as the sound of technology itself – a sounding of each medium’s material and technological bases. Historically these sounds have usually been treated a problem, and successive waves of technological innovation have been directed at removing or repressing the sound of technology. Thus the move from shellac to vinyl, the development of Dolby noise reduction, and the broader the shift from analogue to digital technology, have all been partly motivated by a desire to silence the medium itself. But what happens if we choose to work with these sounds rather than repress them; and following Lange-Berndt’s prompt, what would this change in attitude mean? My aim in this article is to consider what the political potential of the sound of technology might be, explored through a discussion of works by Walter Ruttmann and John Oswald. The well-established discourses around the political potential of noise in the arts have tended to construct it as a form of attack: as Jacques Attali states, “Noise is a weapon” (1985: 24). But might there be other ways in which we could consider the political dimensions of noise, and if so, how might issues of materiality and agency within play though an alternative approach to the politics of noise? In addressing these questions, my article examines the historical and temporal dynamics at work in the sound of technology. Here I argue that the temporal displacement we witness in the contemporary use of past technologies results in an intensification and re-energisation of the various forms of noise. For the artist working with archive material or obsolete sound recording and playback equipment, temporal displacement of this sort materialises the sound of technology – materializing or rematerialising the sounds with which they work - and in so doing releases forms of potentiality that can be understood in political terms.

This thesis explored the phenomenon of psychological flow as a means to improved well-being with reduced environmental impact. In particular, it was concerned with the how and why materialistic values may influence our ability to experience flow. By analysing experience sampling methodology data, Study 1 demonstrated that engagement in more intense or frequent flow experiences was linked to greater personal well-being. Equally, there was a negative relationship between the extent to which an activity tended to support flow and its environmental impact. Studies 2-4 assessed the nature of the relationship between materialistic values and the tendency to experience flow. A survey found that those individuals displaying the strongest materialistic values tended to be less prone to experiencing flow in their everyday lives. Two experimental studies then found that priming a materialistic mind-set led individuals to report poorer quality flow experiences in a subsequent activity period. A theory to account for why materialistic values undermine flow experiences arose from a number of secondary data analyses. Study 5 tested this theory at the trait level using survey measures. Individuals holding stronger materialistic values were more inclined to use their self-regulatory resources to avoid undesirable thoughts and feelings, which in turn was associated with lower levels of self-regulatory strength to dedicate to flow activities. Study 6 used experimental methods to show that situationally depleting self-regulatory resources through the avoidance of negative states did not undermine the quality of a subsequent flow experience. The six studies show the potential for flow experiences to offer a route towards sustainable prosperity, whilst at the same time revealing the difficulty posed by materialistic values in trying to promote engagement in flow. Findings develop current understandings of the consequences of strong materialistic values and pave the way for interventions to promote engagement in flow and other sustainable behaviours.

Is there any place for morality and normative ethics in Marx's ideas? The attempt to answer this question has generated a long debate and a large number of studies. Most of them agree that Marx is ambiguous at this point because he oscillates between science and normativity. But the reasons for this contradictory attitude have not been clearly identified. A distinction between practical materialism and historical materialism, as two different theories that coexist in Marx's work, can be an effective way to address the problem. While the former is inherently ethical, the scientism of the latter can hardly be associated with morality. Young Marx's practical materialism becomes subordinated to mature Marx's historical materialism, but never disappears. And its ethical-political content is rescued by revolutionaries like Gramsci and Mariategui when they realize that historical materialism does not really lead to socialism. Keywords: practical materialism; moral idealism; Marx; Gramsci; Mariategui.

The paper states the emergence of cultural materialism was in Britain in the 1980s as a critical method to literature. Benjamin’s historical materialism attributes to Marxists’ representation. Cultural materialism also plays a very important part in Marxism. The paper explores Sinfield’s trace on consensus politics in England and comes to conclusion that conflict and contradiction is the center of Cultural materialism. Cultural materialism, like new historicism, has been successful in literary studies in coping earlier formalist concerns with textual unity and humanist concerns and altering the ways in which we handle literary texts and their meanings.

Boutique has a conspicuous and exhibits the status of the owners. Personal success and comparisons each other are also judged by material accumulated. Those factors enhance personal vanity. Boutique features meet the needs of materialism and vanity features to enhance consumer purchasing behavior, and generate impulse purchasing. The relation of characteristic of luxury goods, materialism, vanity trait, and impulsive purchase is studied by questionnaire investigation ,and the the results exhibit: 1.The characteristic of luxury goods has positive effect on materialism. 2.The characteristic of luxury goods has positive effect on vanity trait. 3.The materialism has positive effect on impulsive purchasing. 4.The relationship vanity trait has positive effect on impulsive purchasing. which is means: when characteristic of luxury goods, materialism, vanity trait are higher ,the impulsive purchase is also higher.

The purpose of this study is to explore whether the perceptions of materialistic realities of South Korean university students can be explained by individual experience and media use. We examined: 1) relative consequences of awareness of discrimination experience and amounts of time spent on genre-specific media on perceptions of materialistic realities, 2) whether cultural orientation (allocentrism, self-monitoring, and masculinity) influences explanatory factors of awareness of discrimination experience, 3) conditions of countervailing responses to materialistic reality. As a result of analyzing the online survey data of 330 university students in Seoul, the amount of time spent on the beauty or fashion genre and awareness of discrimination experience explained the perceptions of materialist reality in Korean society. Although the perceptions that affected the accommodative response did not affect countervailing response, innovativeness had an interaction effect with perceptions of materialist reality in only countervailing response. Finally, the implications of these findings were discussed.

Recent years have seen an infusion of new ideas into material philosophy through the work of the so-called ‘new materialists’. Poignant examples appear within two recent books: the first, Vibrant Matter by Jane Bennett (2010), sets out to “enhance receptivity to the impersonal life that surrounds and infuses us” (2010: 4). The second, Elemental Philosophy by David Macauley (2010), advocates an anamnesis or recollection of the elements as imaginatively dynamic matter. Within his essays on the imagination of matter, Gaston Bachelard outlined an archetypal vision of the elements predicated upon the material imagination. He explored the manner in which the imagination inhabits the world, is triggered by the stimulus of material dynamism, and is formed from a co-constitution of subject and object. This article proposes that recent trends in materialist philosophy – as exemplified by the monographs of Bennett and Macauley – reinforce the ideas of Bachelard and take them in new directions. Bachelard provides us with a compelling argument for the rediscovery of material imagination, whereas New Materialism portrays a vision of matter filled with autonomous dynamism that lends itself to entering into a relationship with this imagination. Consequently, this article proposes that Gaston Bachelard has gained a new relevance as a result of contemporary trends in material philosophy, has taken on new possibilities through recent scholarship, and remains a force within the twenty-first century discursive landscape.

It is a fact that especially in developed countries, people give importance to their status for showing their positions in the society or for holding a position. In addition, it is known that people aim to be respected by having products which are signs of high status. In this study, it has been aimed to measure the effect of materialism, as an indicator of people’s commitment to their material possessions, over status consumption. Also, it has been tried to analyze whether there is a relation among status consumption, materialism and demographic features or not. This study has been carried out by applying a questionnaire to people who own plasma/LCD, indicators of status. According to the results of questionnaire, people with high tendency towards materialism have high status consumption and these people are in the pursuit of avoiding plainness and of finding happiness by having material possessions.

Kwame Nkrumah invokes the doctrine of emergentism in the hope of reconciling theism - a tenacious part of the African worldview - with materialism. However, in this article I seek to show that this reconciliation is not only ultimately unsuccessful, but is actually impossible. Towards this end, I identify weaknesses in what I call the six argumentative pillars of Nkrumah’s theory of emergentism (which he calls “philosophical materialism”), namely, his arguments regarding the origin of the cosmic material, the primary reality of matter, idealism, categorial convertibility, dialectic change, and the self-motion of matter. The article should provide not only alternative perspectives to Nkrumah’s metaphysics, but also highlight some broader metaphysical implications for both strong and weak emergentism. Key Words Philosophical materialism, consciencism, emergentism, cosmic material, categorial conversion, dialectical change, self motion of matter

A view mechanism can provide a user with an appropriate portion of a database through data filtering and aggregation. Views are often materialized for query performance improvement, and in that case, their consistency needs to be maintained against updates of the underlying data. They can be either recomputed or incrementally refreshed by reflecting only the relevant updates. With the emergence of XML as the standard for data exchange on the Web, active research is under way on efficient storing and querying of XML documents with the DBMS. In this paper, we investigate the materialization of XML views and their incremental refresh for the case of a restricted class of views. The object-relational DBMS is employed to store XML documents and their materialized views, and the update log is used for deferred view refresh. Algorithms for checking a logged update's relevance to a view and for generating the optimized SQL statements to refresh the materialized view stored in an object-relational database through scanning of the update log are described. Experimental results show that our approach can be very effective in providing views of a large-scale XML warehouse on the Web.

Across scientific, medical, legal, political, popular, and religious discourses, the “mother” and the “fetus” are regarded as being separated by a physical boundary. Time and time again, feminist theorists have proposed ways to disband the mother/fetus division derived from Cartesian self/other binarism and individualism. The goal of this article is to introduce and explore an alternative ontology of the pregnant body I call the motherfetus. I follow material feminist Karen Barad (2007) in contending that the “fetus” does not preexist as an object with a distinct agency who interacts with the “mother,” but only materializes through what Barad calls intra-action. I argue that the pregnant body can be reconfigured in such a way that the material distinction between the “mother” and the “fetus” disappears. This endeavor entails re-interpreting material “evidences” provided by twenty-first century technosciences while mobilizing the motherfetus as an apparatus of bodily production. Through a lens that insists on rejecting the genetic, immunological, anatomical, and physiological separation of the “mother” and “fetus,” this article will borrow elements from immunology, microchimerism, and the human microbiome to generate multiple incarnations of the motherfetus as a material-discursive product. In the conclusion, I will examine how the motherfetus as a feminist theory can alter the ways in which the pregnant body is dealt with in feminist activisms as well as in scientific studies and medical practices.

The vulgarization of information and telecommunications technologies has made the integration systems an immediate necessity. Among the latter, there are the hybrid integration systems. These offer a local database where it stores a part of data while integrating the other part virtually. This in the objective to increases system performance while ensuring a tradeoff between query response time and data freshness. The approach that has proposed a complete solution is one that creates the candidate views for materialization before selecting among them those that will be materialized. To do this, it selects the attributes most requested by users. Calling the algorithm k-schema, these attributes are organized in schemas, on which we based to build the candidate views for materialization. This approach suffers from a defect. It is because in the phase of the extraction of attributes of interest, we based only on their frequencies of appearance in the user queries. This will select some attributes, even if they do not respond to any selection criterion. Thus, they cause the elimination, in the selection phase, of views to which they were assigned. In this paper, we propose a new approach, which eliminates all attributes that do not respond to the selection criteria prior to the creation of views to materialize. We also propose a new solution to calculate the values of attributes relative to different criteria.