Abstract
Massive multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) systems use few hundred antennas to simultaneously serve large number of wireless broadband terminals. It has been incorporated into standards like long term evolution (LTE) and IEEE802.11 (Wi-Fi). Basically, the more the antennas, the better shall be the performance. Massive MIMO systems envision accurate beamforming and decoding with simpler and possibly linear algorithms. However, efficient signal processing techniques have to be used at both ends to overcome the signaling overhead complexity. There are few fundamental issues about massive MIMO networks that need to be better understood before their successful deployment. In this paper, we present a detailed review of massive MIMO homogeneous, and heterogeneous systems, highlighting key system components, pros, cons, and research directions. In addition, we emphasize the advantage of employing millimeter wave (mmWave) frequency in the beamforming, and precoding operations in single, and multi-tier massive MIMO systems. Keywords: 5G wireless networks; massive MIMO; linear precoding; encoding; channel estimation; pilot contamination; beamforming; HetNets
Highlights
According to CISCO, an american multinational technology company, by 2020, more people (5.4 B) will have mobile phones than have electricity (5.3 B), running water (3.5 B) and cars (2.8 B).In addition, 75% of the mobile data traffic will be bandwidth-hungry video
Aggressive spatial multiplexing in massive MIMO systems leads to an impressive improvement in the network capacity by minimizing multiuser interference by steering the signal accurately in the right direction
In [16], the authors studied the detection, and estimation performances of a Gaussian signal communicating over a coherent multiple access channel in a Wireless sensor networks (WSN) having a massive MIMO base station (BS), or fusion center (FC)
Summary
According to CISCO, an american multinational technology company, by 2020, more people (5.4 B) will have mobile phones than have electricity (5.3 B), running water (3.5 B) and cars (2.8 B). 75% of the mobile data traffic will be bandwidth-hungry video. Users will expect wireline quality in wireless services and higher bit rates and more reliable connections will be mandatory. While conventional techniques struggling to provide these bit rates, massive multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) systems promise 10 s of Gbps data rates to support real-time wireless multimedia services without occupying much additional spectrum [1]. Massive MIMO technology has got much attraction lately as it promises truly broadband wireless networks [2]. Massive MIMO systems use base station (BS) antenna arrays, with few hundred elements, simultaneously serving many tens of active terminals (users) using the same time and frequency resources
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