Mass spectrometry-based Shiga toxin identification: A clinical validation

Abstract

After we published our preliminary study on the use of liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) and curated E. coli toxin databases on the identification of E. coli Shiga toxins (Stxs) in the Journal of Proteomics in year 2018, we were encouraged to further refine the method and test clinical isolates. In this study, different concentrations of mitomycin C (MMC) and ciprofloxacin (CF), two common antibiotic/chemotherapy agents capable of stimulating Stx production, were first tested and compared on three reference strains and eight clinical isolates to observe the toxin induction and subsequent identification. Notably, no differences were observed between the two agents other than the concentrations applied. Seventeen more clinical isolates were then tested using fixed MMC and CF concentrations and sample amount. This study confirms that the majority of stx2-positive E. coli strains can be stimulated to produce sufficient toxin for confident identification. This does not occur with stx1-positive E. coli isolates, however, despite the fact that both Stxs can be identified for several isolates without MMC or CF stimulation. Biological significanceStxs, especially Stx2, are very important causes of severe food-borne disease, even death. This study confirms that receptor analogue-based affinity enrichment of Stxs, after MMC or CF treatment of E. coli, is useful for fast and accurate Stx2 identification through LC-MS/MS.