Abstract
Stem cells can give rise to various cell types and are capable of regenerating themselves over multiple cell divisions. Pluripotency and self-renewal potential of stem cells have drawn vast interest from different disciplines, with studies on the molecular properties of stem cells being one example. Current investigations on the molecular basis of stem cells pluripotency and self-renewal entail traditional techniques from chemistry and molecular biology. In this mini review, we discuss progress in stem cell research that employs proteomics approaches. Specifically, we focus on studies on human stem cells from proteomics perspective. To our best knowledge, only the following types of human stem cells have been examined via proteomics analysis: human neuronal stem cells, human mesenchymal stem cells, and human embryonic stem cells. Protein expression serves as biomarkers of stem cells and identification and expression level of such biomarkers are usually determined using two-dimensional electrophoresis coupled mass spectrometry or non-gel based mass spectrometry.
Highlights
Stem cells have various unique characteristics; they can divide and renew themselves over many generations and have multi-potentiality
After in-gel digestion peptide mixtures were analyzed by MALDI-TOF MS (Reflex III mass spectrometer, Bruker Daltonics) and MALDITOF MS/MS (4700 proteomics analyzer, Applied Biosystems) and protein identification searches were performed by MASCOT search engine (Matrix Science)
After in-gel digestion and desalting with Ziptip C18 (Millipore Corp.), peptide mixtures were analyzed by MALDI-TOF MS (Voyager DESTR mass spectrometer, Applied Biosystems), and protein identification searches were performed by Ms-Fit
Summary
Stem cells have various unique characteristics; they can divide and renew themselves over many generations and have multi-potentiality. The process of differentiation entails changes in types and amount of proteins expressed by the stem cell. Protein expression pattern can provide important clues about the progression differentiation process for stem cells at various stages. Proteomics, the large-scale study of proteins, holds great promise in unraveling the molecular basis of stem cell differentiation.
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