Abstract

Abstract This chapter discusses the legal bases of maritime interception operations (MIO). MIO may range from querying the master of the vessel to stopping, boarding, inspecting, searching, and potentially even seizing the cargo or the vessel, or arresting persons on board. As a general principle, vessels in international waters are subject to the exclusive jurisdiction of their flag State. Interference with a vessel in international waters violates the sovereign rights of the flag State unless that interference is authorized by the flag State or otherwise permitted by international law. The legal bases available to conduct MIO include authorization by the UN Security Council, consent through either ad hoc or general international agreements, international law of the sea, and self-defence.

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