Abstract
BackgroundResearch on interpersonal violence towards women has commonly focused on individual or proximate-level determinants associated with violent acts ignores the roles of larger structural systems that shape interpersonal violence. Though this research has contributed to an understanding of the prevalence and consequences of violence towards women, it ignores how patterns of violence are connected to social systems and social institutions.MethodsIn this paper, we discuss the findings from a scoping review that examined: 1) how structural and symbolic violence contributes to interpersonal violence against women; and 2) the relationships between the social determinants of health and interpersonal violence against women. We used concept mapping to identify what was reported on the relationships among individual-level characteristics and population-level influence on gender-based violence against women and the consequences for women’s health. Institutional ethics review was not required for this scoping review since there was no involvement or contact with human subjects.ResultsThe different forms of violence—symbolic, structural and interpersonal—are not mutually exclusive, rather they relate to one another as they manifest in the lives of women. Structural violence is marked by deeply unequal access to the determinants of health (e.g., housing, good quality health care, and unemployment), which then create conditions where interpersonal violence can happen and which shape gendered forms of violence for women in vulnerable social positions. Our web of causation illustrates how structural factors can have negative impacts on the social determinants of health and increases the risk for interpersonal violence among women.ConclusionPublic health policy responses to violence against women should move beyond individual-level approaches to violence, to consider how structural and interpersonal level violence and power relations shape the ‘lived experiences’ of violence for women.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12905-015-0256-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Highlights
Research on interpersonal violence towards women has commonly focused on individual or proximate-level determinants associated with violent acts ignores the roles of larger structural systems that shape interpersonal violence
When the basic determinants of women’s health are not met, women can be susceptible to interpersonal violence, and likewise, the occurrence of interpersonal violence among women can further impact on those determinants
In the sections below we describe what is known about the possible links between the social determinants of health and interpersonal violence
Summary
Research on interpersonal violence towards women has commonly focused on individual or proximate-level determinants associated with violent acts ignores the roles of larger structural systems that shape interpersonal violence. Studies that focus primarily on individual and proximate determinants of violence, such as domestic and other gender-based violence [1, 2], excludes the broader contexts and inequalities that lie at the root of multiple forms of violence in the lives of women [2,3,4] Such violence, often referred to as interpersonal violence refers to everyday violence on a microinteractional level such as sexual or physical abuse or assault that can occur either between family members, intimates, acquaintances or strangers [5]. An ecological model adapted by Thurston and Vissandjée [12] is useful for understanding the interplay of personal, situational, and sociocultural factors that shape violence against women and impact their health This model calls attention to the known determinants of health within the context of structural variables, especially the operation of gender and other social institutions, and the social and physical environments, which can influence and perpetuate interpersonal violence [12] (Fig. 1)
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