Abstract
The rapid advances in the development and rollout of artificial intelligence (AI) technologies over the past years have triggered a frenzy of regulatory initiatives at various levels of government and the private sector. This article describes and evaluates the emerging global AI governance architecture and traces the contours of a nascent regime in a fragmented landscape. To do so, it organizes actors and initiatives in a two-by-two matrix, distinguishing between the nature of the driving actor(s) and whether or not their actions take place within the existing governance architecture. Based on this, it provides an overview of key actors and initiatives, highlighting their trajectories and connections. The analysis shows international organizations’ high levels of agency in addressing AI policy and a tendency to address new challenges within existing frameworks. Lastly, it is argued that we are witnessing the first signs of consolidation in this fragmented landscape. The nascent AI regime that emerges is polycentric and fragmented but gravitates around the Organisation for Economic Co-Operation and Development (OECD), which holds considerable epistemic authority and norm-setting power.
Highlights
The rise of artificial intelligence (AI) technology and its transformative impact across a wide range of issues pose new challenges to policymakers and other stakeholders around the globe
As the AI ethics research community develops frameworks and technical governance models to ensure that AI is designed and employed ethically, it must not forget about the global dimension of AI policy1 [17, 18]
Valuesbased approaches, ethics-by-design, and other principled suggestions must be translated into a functional system of rules, binding agreements, and international governance mechanisms that go beyond voluntary self-commitments or hollow AI strategies
Summary
The rise of artificial intelligence (AI) technology and its transformative impact across a wide range of issues pose new challenges to policymakers and other stakeholders around the globe. Whether one looks at the near, medium, or long term, there arise a myriad of legal and ethical challenges and even existential risks that societies need to address. These risks are exacerbated by a lack of effective global governance mechanisms to provide, at minimum, guardrails steering AI in beneficial directions [1, 2]. As the AI ethics research community develops frameworks and technical governance models to ensure that AI is designed and employed ethically, it must not forget about the global dimension of AI policy1 [17, 18]. Valuesbased approaches, ethics-by-design, and other principled suggestions must be translated into a functional system of rules, binding agreements, and international governance mechanisms that go beyond voluntary self-commitments or hollow AI strategies
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