Abstract
Land cover/land use (LCLU) is currently a very important topic, especially for coastal areas that connect the land and the coast and tend to change frequently. LCLU plays a crucial role in land and territory planning and management tasks. This study aims to complement information on the types and rates of LCLU multiannual changes with the distributions, rates, and consequences of these changes in the Crozon Peninsula, a highly fragmented coastal area. To evaluate the multiannual change detection (CD) capabilities using high-resolution (HR) satellite imagery, we implemented three remote sensing algorithms: a support vector machine (SVM), a random forest (RF) combined with geographic object-based image analysis techniques (GEOBIA), and a convolutional neural network (CNN), with SPOT 5 and Sentinel 2 data from 2007 and 2018. Accurate and timely CD is the most important aspect of this process. Although all algorithms were indicated as efficient in our study, with accuracy indices between 70% and 90%, the CNN had significantly higher accuracy than the SVM and RF, up to 90%. The inclusion of the CNN significantly improved the classification performance (5–10% increase in the overall accuracy) compared with the SVM and RF classifiers applied in our study. The CNN eliminated some of the confusion that characterizes a coastal area. Through the study of CD results by post-classification comparison (PCC), multiple changes in LCLU could be observed between 2007 and 2018: both the cultivated and non-vegetated areas increased, accompanied by high deforestation, which could be explained by the high rate of urbanization in the peninsula.
Highlights
Coastal zones are the shores of seas or oceans
We aimed to study multiannual changes of land cover/land use (LCLU) in the Crozon Peninsula, an area that has mainly been marked by conversion between three types of LCLU: cropland, urban, and vegetation, in recent years, especially from 2007 to 2018
Three different algorithms were applied to two high spatial resolution satellite images from 2007 and 2018, which were both acquired in the growing season, to map LCLU changes in the Crozon Peninsula, a highly fragmented region
Summary
Coastal zones are the shores of seas or oceans. Today, nearly half of the world’s population lives in coastal regions where multiple activities are developed [1]. Coastal zones throughout the world have undergone major changes related to a significant influx of the population. Densely populated, and exploited by human societies, coastal zones are subject to significant pressures that generate territorial dynamics and changes in land cover/land use (LCLU). LCLU is al-ways influenced by human actions and environmental features and processes, and it mediates the interactions of these two factors. This means that land use changes are primarily due to human actions, which are associated with economic development, tech-neology, environmental change, and especially, population growth, which usually has parallel rates to land use change [2,3]
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