Abstract
BackgroundMangosteen is a native fruit from Southeast Asia. It is rich in phenolic compounds such as xanthones, anthocyanins and phenolic acids. Mangosteen pericarp extract showed inhibitory activity towards pancreatic lipase and may have potential use for obesity treatment. However, there is limited study on the beneficial effects of mangosteen flesh against obesity. This study aimed to investigate the effects of Garcinia mangostana flesh (GMF) on biochemical and morphological changes in the liver and kidney of high-fat diet-induced obese rats.MethodsForty healthy Sprague-Dawley rats were randomised into five groups (n = 8) with four groups were fed with high-fat diet (HFD) for 10 weeks and a control group was fed with rat chow diet. Supplementation with GMF in obese rats was continued for 7 weeks starting from week 10th after the initiation of HFD at different doses (200 mg/kg, 400 mg/kg and 600 mg/kg). The positive and negative control rats were given distilled water via oral gavage. Plasma lipid profile, antioxidant enzymes and pro-inflammatory markers were determined using commercial kits. Liver and kidney structure were defined by histology.ResultsThe rats fed with HFD for 10 weeks increased plasma LDL-cholesterol, reduced plasma glutathione peroxidase level and had significantly higher body weight compared to normal control rats (p < 0.05). Obese rats also showed elevated level of TNF-α and IL-6 after 17 weeks of HFD. Supplementation with GMF for 7 weeks in obese rats reduced their body weight, improved lipid profile, increased total antioxidant capacity and glutathione peroxidase level and lowered plasma pro-inflammatory markers (TNF-α and IL-6) (p < 0.05). In addition, GMF supplementation attenuated the abnormalities of the liver and kidney tissue caused by high fat diet.ConclusionTaken together, the findings suggest that supplementation of Garcinia mangostana flesh may help in reducing body weight and has the potential to ameliorate the biochemical changes of the high fat diet-induced obesity in rats. Further studies on pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic are required before the results are translated to human.
Highlights
Mangosteen is a native fruit from Southeast Asia
After 10 weeks of high-fat diet (HFD), obese rats showed lower food intake compared to normal control rats (p < 0.05) (Table 1)
Energy intake was higher in obese groups and this was associated with higher body weight and body mass index (BMI) compared to normal control group (p < 0.05) (Table 1)
Summary
Mangosteen is a native fruit from Southeast Asia. It is rich in phenolic compounds such as xanthones, anthocyanins and phenolic acids. There is limited study on the beneficial effects of mangosteen flesh against obesity. Obesity is characterized by excess accumulation of fat that lead to increase body weight [1]. It is associated with adverse health problems with fatal complications including insulin resistance, enhanced inflammatory marker expression, obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome and increased oxidative stress. Data from several studies suggest that increase consumption of high-calorie foods coupled with reduce intake of fruits and vegetables favour a positive energy balance which set the foundation for obesity epidemic [4,5,6,7]. Diet rich in vegetables and fruits can decrease the risk for chronic diseases through the beneficial combinations of fibers, micronutrients, and phytochemicals [8, 9]
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