Abstract
Aphloia theiformis is traditionally used in Mauritius, Madagascar, and Reunion Island for treating several diseases. In this study, various extraction solvents and schemes were applied for the recovery of antioxidant rich fractions from the leaves of A. theiformis. The products were evaluated for their antioxidant capacity using well known in vitro assays. Major compounds were characterized by UPLC–QTOF–MS. Hydrophilic extracts of A. theiformis demonstrated strong antioxidant properties, which are comparable with the synthetic antioxidant Trolox. UPLC analysis confirmed mangiferin as the main secondary metabolite of A. theiformis. Tormentic and hydroxytormentic acids as well as their isomers were also abundant in A. theiformis extracts and fractions, while their amounts were determined for the first time. The most potential extract was further separated into the fractions by liquid-liquid extraction and by precipitation at low temperature. Antioxidant capacity and composition of secondary metabolites of derived fractions were determined. Some of the fractions possessed remarkable antioxidant capacity, comparable to pure mangiferin. The results obtained reveal high potential of A. theiformis for recovery of natural antioxidants and other bioactive phytochemicals, particularly mangiferin.
Highlights
Natural products have been used in traditional medicine, foods, and cosmetics since ancient times.Plants biosynthesize thousands of various secondary metabolism products, among them valuable phytochemicals possessing antioxidant, antimicrobial, and many other health beneficial properties [1,2].Considering vast biodiversity in the Plant Kingdom, bioguided investigation and valorization of less studied species remain an important topic for modern biosciences, in order to discover new valuable ingredients and natural molecules for foods, nutraceuticals, pharmaceuticals, and cosmeceuticals.Recovery, separation, fractionation, and purification of plant bioactive constituents are very important steps in the multistep process of bioguided assay of new phytochemical ingredients.Various extraction techniques, solvents, and schemes have been used for the extraction of bioactive constituents
Botanicals are very complex biological structures composed of various groups of compounds, proper selection and elaboration of extraction schemes is an important task for recovering the products of desirable properties and composition [18]
In case of extracts the strongest correlation was observed between mangiferin content and DPPH scavenging assay, and mangiferin content and Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power (FRAP) assay. These findings reveal that mangiferin was responsible for the high antioxidant capacity of fractions, while the absence of strong correlations of extracts indicated that the presence of other compounds in extracts could contribute to their antioxidant properties
Summary
Natural products have been used in traditional medicine, foods, and cosmetics since ancient times.Plants biosynthesize thousands of various secondary metabolism products, among them valuable phytochemicals possessing antioxidant, antimicrobial, and many other health beneficial properties [1,2].Considering vast biodiversity in the Plant Kingdom, bioguided investigation and valorization of less studied species remain an important topic for modern biosciences, in order to discover new valuable ingredients and natural molecules for foods, nutraceuticals, pharmaceuticals, and cosmeceuticals.Recovery, separation, fractionation, and purification of plant bioactive constituents are very important steps in the multistep process of bioguided assay of new phytochemical ingredients.Various extraction techniques, solvents, and schemes have been used for the extraction of bioactive constituents. Natural products have been used in traditional medicine, foods, and cosmetics since ancient times. Plants biosynthesize thousands of various secondary metabolism products, among them valuable phytochemicals possessing antioxidant, antimicrobial, and many other health beneficial properties [1,2]. Considering vast biodiversity in the Plant Kingdom, bioguided investigation and valorization of less studied species remain an important topic for modern biosciences, in order to discover new valuable ingredients and natural molecules for foods, nutraceuticals, pharmaceuticals, and cosmeceuticals. Separation, fractionation, and purification of plant bioactive constituents are very important steps in the multistep process of bioguided assay of new phytochemical ingredients. Solvents, and schemes have been used for the extraction of bioactive constituents. The yield, recovery rate of target compounds, and bioactivity of extracts highly
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