Abstract
The article examines the economic problems of innovative enterprises, taking into account the cyclical nature of their development, which are characterized by models of increasing profits with the least losses. As the main method, additive convolution is used with equally important and weighted demand for an innovative product. The estimation of the economically optimal volume of products is presented. The research is complex and can have an impact on social, environmental and other performance indicators of the production sector of the economy. The process of globalization has led to the emergence of a complex network of relationships in the business environment. In a free market economy, this means an increased complexity and uncertainty of factors affecting the financial position of the entities. At present, many features of the finance and economics of innovative enterprises are unclear, which makes it difficult to analyze using traditional methods of economic and mathematical modeling. Forecasting the bankruptcy of business and consumers is also inaccurate and ambiguous, as many internal and external factors influence this process. Even a simple statement that an enterprise or a consumer is at risk of bankruptcy should be considered inaccurate and in fact, rarely in an economic reality there are entities that can be considered bankrupt 100%. It is almost impossible to accurately determine the degree of threat of bankruptcy using traditional statistical methods, such as multidimensional discriminant analysis. When the value of the discriminant function is less than the threshold value, it is considered that the enterprise is exposed to the risk of bankruptcy. Given the cyclical nature of the development of an innovative enterprise, it seems necessary to define ambiguous concepts, such as "high risk of bankruptcy" or "low risk of bankruptcy." We need approaches that can be used not only to predict the level of risk, but also to determine the degree of positive financial position of the analyzed enterprise, for example, "High Solvency" or "Average Solvency", depending on changes in the production program.
Highlights
According to the expert estimates, most of the total amount of the World Ocean pollution is conditioned by land-based sources
Despite the fact that pollution from land-based sources adversely affects, above all, the environment of marine areas in enclosed and semi-enclosed seas or near the coasts of industrialized countries, the volume and the speed of pollutant movement entering the marine environment allow us to speak about this form of pollution as a global problem threatening the balance of the world ocean
Summarizing all mentioned above, they would like to conclude that despite the importance of the problem of the world ocean pollution prevention from land-based sources and the attempt of the international community to legislatively fix the main provisions that contribute to the adoption of a number of constructive measures to ensure the protection of the world ocean from pollution with a more detailed reading of the convention provisions, reveals a rather mild, not fully binding nature of the specified requirements, as well as the existence of complex wordings that hinder their implementation in practice
Summary
According to the expert estimates, most of the total amount of the World Ocean pollution is conditioned by land-based sources. When the thing is about the pollution from land-based sources a special harm to the oceans is caused by the discharge of untreated water from industrial enterprises, household and agricultural wastes, the wastes generated during dredging operations in ports, carried out during the construction of berths, with the extraction of biological resources, during the laying of pipelines under water and other underwater works, during the disposal of garbage, various categories of harmfulness, including the burning of plastic and other wastes that fall into the World Ocean with groundwater and runoff, and through the atmosphere. All of the abovementioned pollution types lead to a rapid pollution of the world ocean, sometimes causing irreparable damage to its waters and resources. Scientists believe that only the size of the lake and the volume of its water mass, as well as the still preserved but rapidly lost ability to self-purge, save the lake ecosystem from complete degradation (Ecological problems of Lake Baikal)
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